Difference between revisions of "Skin Immunologic - Pathology"
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+ | {{toplink | ||
+ | |backcolour = FFCCCC | ||
+ | |linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology | ||
+ | |linktext =Integumentary System | ||
+ | |maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
+ | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==General== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Classification: | ||
+ | **Hypersensitivity - response to normally harmless substances | ||
+ | **Auto-immune - antobodies or T-cells reactive against self-antigens | ||
+ | *Mostly involves mixture of types described below | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Type I reactions=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Type II reactions=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Type III reactions=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Type IV reactions=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Hypersensitivity reactions== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Allergic Contact Dermatitis]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Usually involves [[Type IV Hypersensitivity|Type IV reaction]] | ||
+ | *Pruritic lesions with self-inflicted trauma | ||
+ | *At areas in contact with allergen | ||
+ | *Grossly: | ||
+ | **Erythema, papules, +/- vesicles, exudation -> crusts | ||
+ | **If chronic, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, alopecia | ||
+ | *Microscopically: | ||
+ | **Spongiotic superficial perivascular dermatitis | ||
+ | **Mononuclear cells | ||
+ | **If chronic, epidermal hyperplasia | ||
+ | **May involve [[Eosinophils|eosinophils]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Type IV Hypersensitivity Diseases]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Integumentary System - Hypersensitivity Reactions]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Atopy=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Involves [[Type I Hypersensitivity|Type I reaction]] | ||
+ | *Mainly causes pruritus | ||
+ | *Dogs - face rubbing and foot licking; secondary [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Pyoderma|pyoderma]] or [[Skin Other - Pathology#Secondary seborrhea|seborrhea]] | ||
+ | *Cats - facial, ear or generalised pruritus, miliary dermatitis, [[Skin Other - Pathology#Eosinophilic granuloma|eosinophilic granuloma complex]], symmetric alopecia | ||
+ | *Horses - pruritic hea, pinnae, ventrum, legs, tailhead or recurrent [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|urticaria]] | ||
+ | *Lesions generally due to self-trauma | ||
+ | *Microscopically: | ||
+ | **Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis | ||
+ | **Mast cells, eosinophils, nonmetachromatic mononuclear cells | ||
+ | **Perivascular inflammation may be involved especially in horses | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Type I Hypersensitivity Diseases]] | ||
+ | [[Category:Integumentary System - Hypersensitivity Reactions]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Culicoides Hypersensitivity]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Flea Bite Hypersensitivity]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Autoimmune reactions== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Bullous pemphigoid=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Dogs and horses | ||
+ | *Involves oral cavity, mucocutaneous junctions, groin and axilla | ||
+ | *Subepidermal vesicles and bullae | ||
+ | *Antibodies bound to basement membrane | ||
+ | *Grossly: | ||
+ | **Similar to [[Skin Immunologic - Pathology#Pemphigus|Pemphigus vulgaris]] | ||
+ | *Microscopically: | ||
+ | **Bullae containing fibrin, [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] or [[Eosinophils|eosinophils]] | ||
+ | **Basement membrane forms floor of bullae and roof is lined with basal cells | ||
+ | *Bullae may rupture -> ulcers | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Dermatomyositis=== | ||
+ | *See also [[Muscles Developmental - Pathology#Canine dermatomyositis|Canine dermatomyositis]] | ||
+ | *Affects puppies of collies and shetland sheepdogs from 8 weeks of age | ||
+ | *Lesions - vesiculating dermatitis | ||
+ | **Face, lips, external ears, later distal extremities | ||
+ | *Microscopically: interface dermatitis and basal cell degeneration of epidermis and follicular wall, atrophy of follicles, epidermal vesicles and pustules, dermal scarring | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Lupus erythematosus=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *'''Systemic (SLE)''' | ||
+ | **Multiple organs involved | ||
+ | **Cats, dogs, horses | ||
+ | **Immune dysregulation: | ||
+ | ***Damaged T-cell suppressor function, either primary deficiency or antibody mediated | ||
+ | ***Cytokine dysregulation | ||
+ | ***Resulting B-cell hyperactivity -> antibodies to self antigens -> antigen-antibody complexes deposited in various tissues -> Type III hypersensitivity | ||
+ | **Lesions localised or generalised | ||
+ | **Erythema, alopecia, depigmentation, crusting and scaling, ulceration | ||
+ | **Microscopically: lymphohistiocytic interface dermatitis, thickened basement membrane, vasculitis, subepidermal vesicles, basal cell degeneration | ||
+ | *'''Discoid''' | ||
+ | **Milder variant of systemic | ||
+ | **Depigmentation, erythema, scaling, erosions, ulceration, crusting | ||
+ | **Usually involves nasal planum, dorsum of muzzle, occasionally pinnae, lips, oral mucosa or periocular area | ||
+ | **Microscopically: lichenoid interface dermatitis, often with lymphocytes, plasma cells, basal cell degeneration, loss of pigment | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Pemphigus]]=== |
Revision as of 16:24, 22 February 2011
This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
|
General
- Classification:
- Hypersensitivity - response to normally harmless substances
- Auto-immune - antobodies or T-cells reactive against self-antigens
- Mostly involves mixture of types described below
Type I reactions
Type II reactions
Type III reactions
Type IV reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
- Usually involves Type IV reaction
- Pruritic lesions with self-inflicted trauma
- At areas in contact with allergen
- Grossly:
- Erythema, papules, +/- vesicles, exudation -> crusts
- If chronic, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, alopecia
- Microscopically:
- Spongiotic superficial perivascular dermatitis
- Mononuclear cells
- If chronic, epidermal hyperplasia
- May involve eosinophils
Atopy
- Involves Type I reaction
- Mainly causes pruritus
- Dogs - face rubbing and foot licking; secondary pyoderma or seborrhea
- Cats - facial, ear or generalised pruritus, miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex, symmetric alopecia
- Horses - pruritic hea, pinnae, ventrum, legs, tailhead or recurrent urticaria
- Lesions generally due to self-trauma
- Microscopically:
- Hyperplastic superficial perivascular dermatitis
- Mast cells, eosinophils, nonmetachromatic mononuclear cells
- Perivascular inflammation may be involved especially in horses
Culicoides Hypersensitivity
Flea Bite Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune reactions
Bullous pemphigoid
- Dogs and horses
- Involves oral cavity, mucocutaneous junctions, groin and axilla
- Subepidermal vesicles and bullae
- Antibodies bound to basement membrane
- Grossly:
- Similar to Pemphigus vulgaris
- Microscopically:
- Bullae containing fibrin, neutrophils or eosinophils
- Basement membrane forms floor of bullae and roof is lined with basal cells
- Bullae may rupture -> ulcers
Dermatomyositis
- See also Canine dermatomyositis
- Affects puppies of collies and shetland sheepdogs from 8 weeks of age
- Lesions - vesiculating dermatitis
- Face, lips, external ears, later distal extremities
- Microscopically: interface dermatitis and basal cell degeneration of epidermis and follicular wall, atrophy of follicles, epidermal vesicles and pustules, dermal scarring
Lupus erythematosus
- Systemic (SLE)
- Multiple organs involved
- Cats, dogs, horses
- Immune dysregulation:
- Damaged T-cell suppressor function, either primary deficiency or antibody mediated
- Cytokine dysregulation
- Resulting B-cell hyperactivity -> antibodies to self antigens -> antigen-antibody complexes deposited in various tissues -> Type III hypersensitivity
- Lesions localised or generalised
- Erythema, alopecia, depigmentation, crusting and scaling, ulceration
- Microscopically: lymphohistiocytic interface dermatitis, thickened basement membrane, vasculitis, subepidermal vesicles, basal cell degeneration
- Discoid
- Milder variant of systemic
- Depigmentation, erythema, scaling, erosions, ulceration, crusting
- Usually involves nasal planum, dorsum of muzzle, occasionally pinnae, lips, oral mucosa or periocular area
- Microscopically: lichenoid interface dermatitis, often with lymphocytes, plasma cells, basal cell degeneration, loss of pigment