Hemipenis Prolapse

Introduction

Normal Hemipenes in a Snake (Wikimedia Commons)

Prolapse of the one or both of the hemipenes can occur in the male snake. This condition can occur secondary to irritation/inflammation of the hemipenes, inflamation/irritation of the surrounding sheath tissues, trauma or neurological damage to the retractor penis muscles or the presence of a foreign body.

Clinical Signs

The snake will present with one or both of the hemipenes extruded. Severe swelling is common. There may also be evidence of infection, paralysis, maceration or severe trauma.

Treatment

It the snake is presented to the vet shortly after the prolapse has occurred, it should be possible to return the hemipenis to its sheath relatively easily once it has been cleaned.

It is more common for the snake to present with a severely swollen and firm hemipenis, and it is impossible to replace it within the sheath. In these cases sugar solutions should be applied to the hemipenis in an attempt to reduce swelling. If this is successful then the hemipenis should be return to the sheath using ample lubrication.

Once the hemipenis has been replaced within the sheath, a purse-string suture should be placed in the pericloacal vent rim to prevent recurrence. It should be left lose enough to allow the passage of urinary wastes and faeces. This should be removed after one week.

Amputation will be required if the hemipenis cannot be returned to the sheath, or if there are signs of infection, paralysis or significant trauma.

Prognosis

Prognosis is very good if amputation is not required, with snakes returning to their full breeding potential. If only one hemipenis is amputated, the snake may still be able to be used for breeding.

Hemipenis Prolapse Learning Resources
Flashcards Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions	Reptiles and Amphibians Q&A 02

References

Frye, FL & Williams, DL (1995) Self-Assessment Colour Review - Reptiles & Amphibians Manson