Difference between revisions of "Canine Adenovirus 2"

Latest revision as of 14:42, 20 July 2012

Also known as: Infectious Canine Laryngotracheitis — CAV-2

Introduction

Adenovirus pneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)

Both Canine Adenovirus 1 and Canine Adenovirus 2 are of the Adenoviridae and are now rare in the UK. There is some antigenicty shared between the two strains, which lends itself to vaccination.

Infection spreads rapidly between unvaccinated dogs, especially if they are in groups e.g. in kennels. Transmission is by direct and indirect contact such as food bowls and bedding (fomites) and respiratory secretions.

The virus replicates in the oropharynx then causes necrosis of the respiratory tract with NO concurrent hepatitis. Lung lesions may be worsened by presence of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida. It is thought that this virus may be a predisposing factor to the development of kennel cough. It may also cause necrotising bronchiolitis in immunodeficient dogs.

Signalment

Dogs of any age, breed or sex will be equally affected by this virus if not vaccinated.

Clinical Signs

Animals present with pyrexia, mild depression, nasal/ocular discharges and a dry, harsh, persistent cough. Corneal opacity is sometimes seen.

Diagnosis

Virus can be isolated from respiratory secretions early in the disease.

Pathology

There is usually evidence of mild bronchointerstitial pneumonia, necrosis of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, oedema and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia.

Control

It is important to isolate coughing dogs and disinfect premises, in any cases of coughing as all respiratory disease is contagious.

CAV-2 is largely controlled in the UK along with CAV-1 (infectious canine hepatitis virus) through the use of vaccination against CAV-1. As the viruses cross-protect, immunity is achieved from vaccinating against CAV-1.

References

Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2nd Edition) Elsevier Science

Bridger, J and Russell, P (2007) Virology Study Guide, Royal Veterinary College

Merck & Co (2008) The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition) Merial

Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition) Mosby Elsevier

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-{{unfinished}}
+{{OpenPagesTop}}
+Also known as: '''''Infectious Canine Laryngotracheitis — CAV-2'''''
-====Antigenicity====
+== Introduction ==
-*Some antigenicity shared between CAV 1 and 2, which lends to vaccination
+[[Image:Adenovirus pneumonia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|<small><center>Adenovirus pneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
+Both [[Canine Adenovirus 1]] and Canine Adenovirus 2 are of the [[Adenoviridae|Adenoviridae]] and are now rare in the UK. There is some antigenicty shared between the two strains, which lends itself to vaccination.
-====Pathogenesis====
+Infection spreads rapidly between unvaccinated dogs, especially if they are in groups e.g. in kennels. Transmission is by direct and indirect contact such as food bowls and bedding (fomites) and respiratory secretions.
-*Causes '''necrosis''' of the '''respiratory tract''' with '''NO concurrent hepatitis'''
-*Animals present with:
-**Pyrexia
-**Mild depression
-**Nasal/ocular discharges
-**Corneal opacity (not always)
-**Dry, harsh, persistent cough
-====Epidemiology====
+The virus replicates in the oropharynx then causes '''necrosis''' of the '''respiratory tract''' with '''NO concurrent hepatitis'''. Lung lesions may be worsened by presence of ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]'' and ''[[Pasteurella multocida]]''. It is thought that this virus may be a predisposing factor to the development of [[Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis|kennel cough]]. It may also cause necrotising [[bronchiolitis]] in immunodeficient dogs.
-*Transfer is same as for [[Canine Adenovirus 1|CAV 1]]
-====Diagnosis====
+== Signalment ==
-*Virus isolation from respiratory secretions
-====Control====
+Dogs of any age, breed or sex will be equally affected by this virus if not vaccinated.
-*Isolate coughing dogs and disinfect premises
-*Vaccination: CAV 1 vaccine will cross protect
+== Clinical Signs ==
+Animals present with pyrexia, mild depression, nasal/ocular discharges and a dry, harsh, persistent cough. Corneal opacity is sometimes seen.
-[[Image:Adenovirus pneumonia.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Adenovirus pneumonia (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
+== Diagnosis ==
-*[[Adenoviridae|Adenoviridae]]
+Virus can be isolated from respiratory secretions early in the disease.
-*Usually mild [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]], necrosis of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, oedema, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia
-*May cause necrotising [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchiolitis]] in immune-deficient dogs ([[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|distemper]])
-*Can be associated with [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious canine tracheitis|kennel cough]] described above
-[[Category:Adenoviridae]][[Category:Dog]]
+==Pathology==
-[[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]]
+There is usually evidence of mild [[Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]], necrosis of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium, oedema and type II pneumocyte hyperplasia.
+== Control ==
+It is important to isolate coughing dogs and disinfect premises, in any cases of coughing as all respiratory disease is contagious.
+CAV-2 is largely controlled in the UK along with [[Canine Adenovirus 1|CAV-1 (infectious canine hepatitis virus)]] through the use of vaccination against CAV-1. As the viruses cross-protect, immunity is achieved from vaccinating against CAV-1.
+== References ==
+Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) '''Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary '''(2nd Edition) ''Elsevier Science ''
+Bridger, J and Russell, P (2007) '''Virology Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College''
+Merck &amp; Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual '''(Eighth Edition)'' Merial ''
+Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine '''(Fourth Edition)'' Mosby Elsevier''
+{{review}}
+{{OpenPages}}
+[[Category:Adenoviridae]] [[Category:Dog_Viruses]] [[Category:Respiratory_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Expert Review - Dog]] [[Category:Respiratory_Viral_Infections]]