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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
|name = ''Cowdria ruminantium''
|name = ''Cowdria ruminantium''
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
''C. ruminantium'' is a '''[[Bacteria | bacterial]] gram negative coccal''' pathogen causing the '''[[Tick Disease Transmission |tickborne]] disease “Heartwater”''' in ruminants in '''Subsaharan Africa'''. Animals often acquire the disease when moved on to heartwater infected grazing.
''C. ruminantium'' is a '''[[Bacteria | bacterial]] gram negative coccal''' pathogen causing the '''[[Tick Disease Transmission |tickborne]] disease “Heartwater”''' in ruminants in '''Subsaharan Africa'''. Animals often acquire the disease when moved on to heartwater infected grazing.
Cowdriosis occurs across the African continent, particularly in '''South Africa'''.
Cowdriosis occurs across the African continent, particularly in '''South Africa'''.
Cowdriosis is transmitted by '''bont [[Ticks |ticks]]''', mainly of the [[Amblyoma spp.|''Amblyomma'' genus]] (''A. variegatum'' and ''A. hebraeum'') but also [[Rhipicephalus spp.|''Rhipicephalus'']], [[Hyalomma spp.|''Hyalomma'']], and ''Glossina'' species and the ''[[Sarcoptes|Sarcoptes scabei]]'' mite. Both adults and nymphs of tick species can transmit disease.
Cowdriosis is transmitted by '''bont [[Ticks |ticks]]''', mainly of the [[Amblyomma spp.|''Amblyomma'' genus]] (''A. variegatum'' and ''A. hebraeum'') but also [[Rhipicephalus spp.|''Rhipicephalus'']], [[Hyalomma spp.|''Hyalomma'']], and ''Glossina'' species and the ''[[Sarcoptes|Sarcoptes scabei]]'' mite. Both adults and nymphs of tick species can transmit disease.
Heartwater is therefore also a risk for countries where the ''Amblyomma'' tick is present, such as mainland America, Asia and the Caribbean, although disease may cutrently not be.
Heartwater is therefore also a risk for countries where the ''Amblyomma'' tick is present, such as mainland America, Asia and the Caribbean, although disease may cutrently not be.
'''Head tilt, tremors''', coma, circling, abnormal reflexes, '''hyperaesthesia, aggression''', head pressing, depression, nystagmus, mydriasis and blindness.
'''Head tilt, tremors''', coma, circling, abnormal reflexes, '''hyperaesthesia, aggression''', head pressing, depression, nystagmus, mydriasis and blindness.
Animals display a '''high fever''' which my progress to hypothermia. They gradually stop feeding and their behaviour changes.
Animals display a '''high fever''' which may progress to hypothermia. They gradually stop feeding and their behaviour changes.
Cowdriosis can also cause reproductive and gastrointestinal disease.
Cowdriosis can also cause reproductive and gastrointestinal disease.
{{Learning
{{Learning
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A+Cowdriosis9/ Cowdriosis Publications]
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A+Cowdriosis Cowdriosis Publications]
|flashcards = [[Cowdriosis Flashcards]]
|flashcards = [[Cowdriosis Flashcards]]
}}
}}
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=87241&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 cowdriosis] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=87240 ''Cowdria ruminantium'']
|date =06 June 2011
}}
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[[Category:Cardiovascular Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]]
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[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
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[[Category:Cardiology Section]]