Difference between revisions of "Viral skin infections - Pathology"

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#redirect[[:Category:Integumentary System - Viral Infections]]
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|backcolour = FFCCCC
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|linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
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|linktext =Integumentary System
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|maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
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|pagetype =Pathology
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|sublink1 = Skin Infectious - Pathology
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|subtext1 = SKIN INFECTIOUS
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===[[Poxviruses]]===
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*Lesion development:
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**Due to viral invasion of epithelium
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**Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
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**Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
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*Cutaneous lesions:
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|scar]]
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====Contagious ecthyma====
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[[Image: Contagious ecthyma.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Contagious ecthyma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
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*Also called '''contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, sore mouth'''
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*Caused by a [[Poxviruses#Contagious ecthyma|parapox virus]]
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*Affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans, dogs
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*Starts in abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], oral mucosa, eyelids and feet
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*May also transfer to teats of the mother of an affected lamb
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*Lesions typical of poxvirus but very brief vesicle stage
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*Most obvious is the proliferative pustular stage
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===[[Herpesviridae|Herpesviruses]]===
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*Cutaneous lesions may develop with nondermatotropic viruses:
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**[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis]] (bovine herpes virus - 1)
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**Equine coital exanthema (equine herpes virus - 3)
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**[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Feline viral rhinotracheitis|Feline herpes virus -1]] (rarely)
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*Dermatotropic viruses:
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**'''Bovine herpes virus - 2 = Bovine herpes mammillitis virus'''
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***May cause generalised disease - pseudolumpy skin
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***Localised disease - bovine herpes mammillitis
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****Mostly in lactating cows
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****Skin trauma is essential for virus invasion
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****Decreased milk production and secondary bacterial mastitis
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****Lesion occur on teats, udder, sometimes perineum, on muzzle of suckling calves
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**'''Bovine herpes virus - 4 = Bovine herpes mammary pustular dermatitis'''
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***Similar to localised BHV-2 but milder disease
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*May be latent and reappear at times of stress
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*Grossly:
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Vesicles, ulcers, crusts]]
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*Microscopically:
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**Intraepidermal vesicle
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**Epidermal cell degeneration
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Acantholysis]]
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**Syncytial cells may form
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**Intracellular inclusion bodies may be found at edges of ulcers
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**Rapid necrosis
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===Other viruses===
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*Cutaneous lesion are seen with:
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**[[Picornaviridae]]
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***[[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Foot and Mouth disease|Foot-and-mouth disease]]
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***[[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Swine Vesicular Disease|Swine vesicular disease]]
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**[[Rhabdoviridae]]
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***Vesicular stomatitis
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**[[Caliciviridae]]
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***Vesicular exanthema
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**[[Retroviridae]]
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***'''Feline leukemia virus'''
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****Cutaneous horns on foot pads
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****Epidermal and follicular epithelial hyperplasia, epidermal giant cells, dyskeratosis, necrosis, ulceration
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***'''Feline immunodeficiency virus'''

Revision as of 14:37, 26 September 2008

 This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.


WikiPathWikiPath Banner.png
()Map INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (Map)
SKIN INFECTIOUS



Poxviruses

  • Lesion development:
    • Due to viral invasion of epithelium
    • Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
    • Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
  • Cutaneous lesions:

Contagious ecthyma

Contagious ecthyma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)
  • Also called contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, sore mouth
  • Caused by a parapox virus
  • Affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans, dogs
  • Starts in abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to lips, oral mucosa, eyelids and feet
  • May also transfer to teats of the mother of an affected lamb
  • Lesions typical of poxvirus but very brief vesicle stage
  • Most obvious is the proliferative pustular stage

Herpesviruses

  • Cutaneous lesions may develop with nondermatotropic viruses:
  • Dermatotropic viruses:
    • Bovine herpes virus - 2 = Bovine herpes mammillitis virus
      • May cause generalised disease - pseudolumpy skin
      • Localised disease - bovine herpes mammillitis
        • Mostly in lactating cows
        • Skin trauma is essential for virus invasion
        • Decreased milk production and secondary bacterial mastitis
        • Lesion occur on teats, udder, sometimes perineum, on muzzle of suckling calves
    • Bovine herpes virus - 4 = Bovine herpes mammary pustular dermatitis
      • Similar to localised BHV-2 but milder disease


  • May be latent and reappear at times of stress
  • Grossly:
  • Microscopically:
    • Intraepidermal vesicle
    • Epidermal cell degeneration
    • Acantholysis
    • Syncytial cells may form
    • Intracellular inclusion bodies may be found at edges of ulcers
    • Rapid necrosis

Other viruses

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