Difference between revisions of "Spleen - Pathology"
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| + | {{toplink | ||
| + | |backcolour = f5fffa | ||
| + | |linkpage =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System - Pathology | ||
| + | |linktext =Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System | ||
| + | |maplink = Lymphoreticular & Haematopoietic System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
| + | |sublink1 =Secondary Lymphoid System - Pathology | ||
| + | |subtext1 =SECONDARY LYMPHOID SYSTEM | ||
| + | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | ''NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen'' | ||
| + | ==Anatomy & Physiology== | ||
| + | [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|See here]] | ||
| + | ==Splenic Lesions== | ||
| + | *splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease | ||
| + | ===Splenitis=== | ||
| + | ===Anthrax=== | ||
| + | ===Torsion=== | ||
| + | ===Haemolytic Anaemia=== | ||
| + | ===Chronic Venous Congestion=== | ||
| + | *this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure | ||
| + | ===Barbituates=== | ||
| + | * administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes | ||
| + | ===Splenic Tumours=== | ||
| + | *these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable | ||
| + | ====Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma==== | ||
| + | *very common incidental findings in older dogs | ||
| + | *should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions | ||
| + | *consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp | ||
| + | :- usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger | ||
| + | :- spherical | ||
| + | :- protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules | ||
| + | *infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage | ||
| + | ====Haemangioma==== | ||
| + | *benign tumour of dogs | ||
| + | *may grow to considerable size | ||
| + | :- the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour | ||
| + | :- thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum | ||
| + | *on section, it is largely blood clot | ||
| + | *responds well to surgery | ||
| + | :- therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma | ||
| + | ====Haemangiosarcoma==== | ||
| + | *highly malignant tumour of dogs | ||
| + | *distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue | ||
| + | *accurate prognosis demands histological examination | ||
| + | *secondaries are common locally in the [[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology#Omentum|omentum]] and in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] | ||
| + | :- course is usually short, often only a month or two | ||
| + | :- metastases may occur in almost every organ | ||
| + | ====Haematopoietic Neoplasms==== | ||
| + | =====lymphosarcoma===== | ||
| + | * splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma | ||
| + | *splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase | ||
| + | =====myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia===== | ||
| + | *rare | ||
| + | *all species | ||
| + | *extreme form with spleen approaching liver size | ||
| + | =====systemic mastocytosis===== | ||
| + | *cat | ||
| + | *extreme form with spleen approaching liver size | ||
| + | ===Infarction=== | ||
| + | ===Rupture=== | ||
Revision as of 14:44, 26 September 2008
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NB:Be aware of age-related changes regarding the spleen
Anatomy & Physiology
Splenic Lesions
- splenomegaly is the main clinical finding associated with the spleen in disease
Splenitis
Anthrax
Torsion
Haemolytic Anaemia
Chronic Venous Congestion
- this may be seen along with chronic venous congestion of the liver in cases of chronic cardiac failure
Barbituates
- administration of barbituates can produce a degree of splenomegaly due to splenic engorgement by erythrocytes
Splenic Tumours
- these are important surgically since splenomegaly can be diagnoses clinically by palpation or X-ray and some are surgically curable
Hyperplastic Nodules or Benign Lymphoma
- very common incidental findings in older dogs
- should not be mistakenly identified as pathognomic lesions
- consist of nodules of hyperplastic white and red pulp
- - usually 1-2 cms in size, but occasionally may be larger
- - spherical
- - protrude hemispherically from the surface as yellow and red mottled nodules
- infrequently, may rupture and give rise to haemorrhage
Haemangioma
- benign tumour of dogs
- may grow to considerable size
- - the size of the lesion giving rise to clinical signs is compounded by haemorrhage from and into the tumour
- - thus, a large mass of apple size may be found protruding from the spleen and adherent to the omentum
- on section, it is largely blood clot
- responds well to surgery
- - therefore it must be distinguished from haemangiosarcoma
Haemangiosarcoma
- highly malignant tumour of dogs
- distinguished from the superficially similar haemangioma by the presence of much more formed, solid tumour tissue
- accurate prognosis demands histological examination
- secondaries are common locally in the omentum and in the liver
- - course is usually short, often only a month or two
- - metastases may occur in almost every organ
Haematopoietic Neoplasms
lymphosarcoma
- splenomegaly occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma
- splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase
myeloid (granulocytic) leukaemia
- rare
- all species
- extreme form with spleen approaching liver size
systemic mastocytosis
- cat
- extreme form with spleen approaching liver size