Difference between revisions of "Viral skin infections - Pathology"

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#redirect[[:Category:Integumentary System - Viral Infections]]
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|linkpage =Integumentary System - Pathology
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|linktext =Integumentary System
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|maplink = Integumentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
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|pagetype =Pathology
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|sublink1 = Skin Infectious - Pathology
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|subtext1 = SKIN INFECTIOUS
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===[[Herpesviridae|Herpesviruses]]===
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*Cutaneous lesions may develop with nondermatotropic viruses:
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**[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis]] (bovine herpes virus - 1)
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**Equine coital exanthema (equine herpes virus - 3)
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**[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Feline viral rhinotracheitis|Feline herpes virus -1]] (rarely)
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*Dermatotropic viruses:
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**'''Bovine herpes virus - 2 = Bovine herpes mammillitis virus'''
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***May cause generalised disease - pseudolumpy skin
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***Localised disease - bovine herpes mammillitis
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****Mostly in lactating cows
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****Skin trauma is essential for virus invasion
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****Decreased milk production and secondary bacterial mastitis
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****Lesion occur on teats, udder, sometimes perineum, on muzzle of suckling calves
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**'''Bovine herpes virus - 4 = Bovine herpes mammary pustular dermatitis'''
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***Similar to localised BHV-2 but milder disease
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*May be latent and reappear at times of stress
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*Grossly:
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Vesicles, ulcers, crusts]]
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*Microscopically:
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**Intraepidermal vesicle
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**Epidermal cell degeneration
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Acantholysis]]
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**Syncytial cells may form
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**Intracellular inclusion bodies may be found at edges of ulcers
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**Rapid necrosis
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===[[Poxviruses]]===
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*Lesion development:
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**Due to viral invasion of epithelium
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**Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
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**Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
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*Cutaneous lesions:
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|scar]]
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====Contagious ecthyma====
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[[Image: Contagious ecthyma.jpg|100px|thumb|right|<small><center>Contagious ecthyma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
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*Also called '''contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, sore mouth'''
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*Caused by a [[Poxviridae|parapox virus]]
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*Affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans, dogs
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*Starts in abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]], oral mucosa, eyelids and feet
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*May also transfer to teats of the mother of an affected lamb
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*Lesions typical of poxvirus but very brief vesicle stage
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*Most obvious is the proliferative pustular stage
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===Other viruses===
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*Cutaneous lesion are seen with:
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**[[Picornaviridae]]
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***[[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Foot and Mouth disease|Foot-and-mouth disease]]
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***[[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Swine Vesicular Disease|Swine vesicular disease]]
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**[[Rhabdoviridae]]
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***Vesicular stomatitis
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**[[Caliciviridae]]
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***Vesicular exanthema
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**[[Retroviridae]]
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***'''Feline leukemia virus'''
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****Cutaneous horns on foot pads
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****Epidermal and follicular epithelial hyperplasia, epidermal giant cells, dyskeratosis, necrosis, ulceration
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***'''Feline immunodeficiency virus'''

Revision as of 17:45, 30 October 2008

 This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.


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()Map INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (Map)
SKIN INFECTIOUS



Herpesviruses

  • Cutaneous lesions may develop with nondermatotropic viruses:
  • Dermatotropic viruses:
    • Bovine herpes virus - 2 = Bovine herpes mammillitis virus
      • May cause generalised disease - pseudolumpy skin
      • Localised disease - bovine herpes mammillitis
        • Mostly in lactating cows
        • Skin trauma is essential for virus invasion
        • Decreased milk production and secondary bacterial mastitis
        • Lesion occur on teats, udder, sometimes perineum, on muzzle of suckling calves
    • Bovine herpes virus - 4 = Bovine herpes mammary pustular dermatitis
      • Similar to localised BHV-2 but milder disease


  • May be latent and reappear at times of stress
  • Grossly:
  • Microscopically:
    • Intraepidermal vesicle
    • Epidermal cell degeneration
    • Acantholysis
    • Syncytial cells may form
    • Intracellular inclusion bodies may be found at edges of ulcers
    • Rapid necrosis

Poxviruses

  • Lesion development:
    • Due to viral invasion of epithelium
    • Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
    • Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
  • Cutaneous lesions:

Contagious ecthyma

Contagious ecthyma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)
  • Also called contagious pustular dermatitis, orf, sore mouth
  • Caused by a parapox virus
  • Affects mainly young sheep, less commonly cattle, humans, dogs
  • Starts in abrasions around mouth commisures and spreads to lips, oral mucosa, eyelids and feet
  • May also transfer to teats of the mother of an affected lamb
  • Lesions typical of poxvirus but very brief vesicle stage
  • Most obvious is the proliferative pustular stage

Other viruses

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