Difference between revisions of "Lizard Blood Values"

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==Introduction==
+
Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before the animals are presented for sickness. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.
−
Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before an animal is presented in ill health. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.
 
−
 
 
  
 
==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')==
 
==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')==
  
−
Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine in lizards|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase - Reptiles|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.
+
Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.
  
 +
===Haemotology===
  
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+  
 
|+  
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Haematology
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Haematology
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Values
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Biochemistry
 
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Values
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Values
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total RBC count (x 10^12/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total RBC count (x 10^12/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.0-1.9
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.0-1.9
−
 
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total protein (g/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-78
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| PCV (l/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| PCV (l/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.25-0.38
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.25-0.38
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Albumin (g/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 21-28
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Hb (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Hb (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 6.0-10.0
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 6.0-10.0
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Globulin (g/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 25-43
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| MCV (fl)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| MCV (fl)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 165-305
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 165-305
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Uric acid (mmol/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70-140
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| MCH (pg)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| MCH (pg)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 48-78
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 48-78
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| ALP (iu/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-290
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| MCHC (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| MCHC (g/dl)
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 20-38
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 20-38  
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| ALT (iu/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-68
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total WBC count (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total WBC count (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 3-10
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 3-10
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
+
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.35-5.2
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-1.7
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (x 10^9/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.5-5.5
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.3
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (x 10^9/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.1
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.5
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
===Biochemistry===
 +
 
 +
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 +
|+
 +
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Biochemistry
 +
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Values
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Total protein|Total protein]] (g/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-78
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 21-28
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Globulin (g/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 25-43
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (mmol/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70-140
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| ALP (iu/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-290
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]] (iu/l)
 +
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-68
 +
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| AST (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| AST (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-52
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-52
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Heterophils (x 10^9/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.35-5.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| GGT (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| GGT (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0-3
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0-3
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Azurophils (x 10^9/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-1.7
 
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Cholesterol (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Cholesterol (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.7-8.6
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.7-8.6
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Lymphocytes (x 10^9/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.5-5.5
 
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Triglycerides (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Triglycerides (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.6-7.8  
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.6-7.8  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Eosinophils (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]] (mmol/l)
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.3
 
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Glucose (mmol/l)
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9.4-16.0
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9.4-16.0
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Monocytes (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mmol/l)
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.1
 
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Calcium (mmol/l)
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.2-3.5
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.2-3.5
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Basophils (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mmol/l)
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.5
 
−
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Phosphorus (mmol/l)
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.5-3.0  
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.5-3.0  
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
 
+
===References===
−
References
 
  
 
*Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.
 
*Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.
Line 108: Line 109:
 
|+  
 
|+  
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"|  
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"|  
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| [[Prehensile-tailed Skink|Prehensile-tailed skink]] (''Corucia'' sp.)
+
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Prehensile-tailed skink (''Corucia'' sp.)
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| [[Green Iguana|Green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')
+
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Green iguana (''Iguana iguana'')
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Iguanid lizard (''Dipsosaurus dorsalis'')
+
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Iguanid lizard (''Dipsosaurus dorsalis)
 
|-
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Haematology
 
!bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Haematology
Line 145: Line 146:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 28 (17-56)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 28 (17-56)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14-16
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14-16
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12.4 (3.9-22.4)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12.4 (3.9-22.4)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9 (4.3-15.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9 (4.3-15.0)
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Heterophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 37 (16-58)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 37 (16-58)
−
 
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Azurophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (8-42)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (8-42)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lymphocytes (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (2-40)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (2-40)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Eosinophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4(0-18)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4(0-18)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Monocytes (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.6 (0-6)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.6 (0-6)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Basophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15 (4-26)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15 (4-26)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| rare
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| rare
Line 193: Line 193:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ALT (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-90  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-90  
Line 208: Line 208:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 179 (34-400)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 179 (34-400)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Bilirubin total (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Bilirubin|Bilirubin]] total (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4-1.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4-1.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.2 (0.1-0.5)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.2 (0.1-0.5)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| BUN (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6-15
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6-15
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 (1-5)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 (1-5)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 (11-21)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 (11-21)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9-13
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9-13
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11 (8-30)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11 (8-30)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chloride (mEq/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride|Chloride]] (mEq/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 (123-129)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 (123-129)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 102-125
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 102-125
Line 233: Line 233:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 243 (100-399)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 243 (100-399)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Creatine kinase (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Creatine kinase|Creatine kinase]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 210 (27-940)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 210 (27-940)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4500 (700-14.240)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4500 (700-14.240)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Creatinine (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Creatinine|Creatinine]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.1-0.7
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.1-0.7
Line 248: Line 248:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glucose (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 100 (70-122)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 100 (70-122)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 197-280
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 197-280
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 355 (255-575)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 355 (255-575)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| LDH (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-400
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-400
Line 263: Line 263:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phosphorus (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.7 (2.8-6.7)  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.7 (2.8-6.7)  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-6.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-6.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.5 (2.8-10.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.5 (2.8-10.0)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Potassium (mEq/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium|Potassium]] (mEq/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6 (1.4-5.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6 (1.4-5.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6-5.2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6-5.2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 (0.4-7.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 (0.4-7.0)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Protein total (g/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Total protein|Protein total]] (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.5 (5-8)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.5 (5-8)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-5.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-5.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8 (2.4-5.4)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8 (2.4-5.4)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Albumin (g/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-1.6
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-1.6
Line 293: Line 293:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7 (1.0-2.3)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7 (1.0-2.3)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Sodium (mEq/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium|Sodium]] (mEq/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 158 (145-167)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 158 (145-167)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 140-158
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 140-158
Line 303: Line 303:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Uric acid (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6 (<0.3-3.1)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6 (<0.3-3.1)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-6.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-6.0
Line 309: Line 309:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
 
+
===References===
−
 
+
*Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.
−
 
 
−
References
 
−
*Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.=
 
 
*Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
 
*Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
 
*Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.
 
*Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.
Line 331: Line 328:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| RBC (x10^12)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| RBC (x10^12)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.84-1.93
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Total protein (g/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42 - 76
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| WBC (x10^9)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| WBC (x10^9)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 7.68-19.99
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Albumin (g/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 33
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| PCV (l/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| PCV (l/l)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.19-0.40
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Urea (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.1-5.3
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Haemaglobin (g/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Haemaglobin (g/l)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.6-11.6
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| ALK (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 10-207
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| MCV (fl)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| MCV (fl)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 145 - 353
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Cholesterol (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.09-6.53
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| MCH (pg)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| MCH (pg)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42.4 - 88.2
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Uric acid (umol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 180 - 325
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| MCHC (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| MCHC (g/dl)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 271-342
 
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Calcium (mmol/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.48-3.43
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Heterophils (x 10^9)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.0-7.23
 
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| AST (iu/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 15 - 247
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Eosinophils (x 10^9)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12-1.67
 
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| GOT (iu/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0-1
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Lymphocytes (x 10^9)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.92-8.34
 
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| LDH (iu/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42-392
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Monocytes (x 10^9)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12 0.57
 
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Sodium (mmol/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 136 - 169
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Basophils (x 10^9)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.00-26.3
 
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Potassium (mmol/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.1-5.1
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Azurophils (x 10^9)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.40-3.23
 
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Chloride (mmol/l)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 114 - 130
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Thrombocytes
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Phosphorus (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.35-2.91
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==Bosc [[Monitor|monitor]] blood values==
 
−
 
 
−
Anecdotal information - International units
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| CBC
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Values
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Biochemistry
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Values
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Electrolytes
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Values
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| PCV
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-35%
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| uric acid
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| sodium
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 145-190
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3-10
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Ca
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.1-3.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| K
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.2-4.3
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| PO
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-2.5
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Cl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 142-155
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| AST
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-140
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| TP
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 55-85
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glu
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.6
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (x 10^9)
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Amylase
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-700
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chol
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.5-7.5
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Trig
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-4.5
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==Haematology and biochemistry of the inland [[Bearded Dragon|bearded dragon]] (''Pogona vitticeps'')==
 
−
 
 
−
'''Haematology for 21 inland bearded dragons.'''
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Unit
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Mean
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| SD
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12.053
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.084
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.736-19.946
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Heterophils
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 8
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 17-43
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.325
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.634
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.619-7.339
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lymphocytes
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 59
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 7
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 47-69
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 7.053
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.410
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.012-12.033
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Monocytes
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-4
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.105
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.163
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-0.499
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Basophils
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2-18
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.125
 
−
 
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.729
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.205-3.191
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Azurophils
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-9
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.414
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.288
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-1.085
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Hematocrit
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 7
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 17-50
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Total solids
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| g/dl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.6
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.5-9.5
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| g/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 66
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 45-95
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Plasma chemistry values of inland bearded dragons (''Pogona vitticeps'').'''
 
−
 
 
−
*Sample size for the WBC and differential, TS, PCV glucose, uric acid, calcium, and phosphorus was 21; for cholesterol, sodium, chloride, potassium, BUN, ALT and AST, sample size was 20.
 
−
*All values of ALT were < 3 iu/L, with the exception of one value of 5. NA = not applicable.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Unit
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Mean
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| SD
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glucose
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/I
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11.7
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 7.72-16.2
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 210
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 40
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 139-291
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| BUN
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.7
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <0.7-1.4
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <1-2
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Uric acid
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 310
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 95-678
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6-11.4
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.95
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.95
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.2-6.8
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11.8
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 8.6-27.2
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phosphorus
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.9
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.61
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-3.2
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.9
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.9
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.8
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Cholesterol
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 17.4
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.92
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 8.07-31.7
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 671
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 229
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 312-1224
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ALT
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| iu/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| < 3
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| NA
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| < 3-5
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| AST
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| iu/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4-40
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Sodium
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 153
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 141-190
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chloride
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 123
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 80-140
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Potassium
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-6.5
 
−
|-
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium:Phosphorus
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.8
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.9-3.8
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
References
 
−
* Eliman, M.M. (1997). Hematology and plasma chemistry of the inland bearded dragon, ''Pogona vitticeps''. In Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 7(4).=
 
−
 
 
−
==[[Prehensile-tailed Skink|Prehensile-tailed skink]] (''Corucia zebrata'')==
 
−
 
 
−
ISIS values, International units
 
−
 
 
−
===Haematology===
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| WBC
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| RBC count
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Hb
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| PCV
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| MCV
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| MCH
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| MCHC
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 13.68 - 6.333
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.50 - 0.26
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 89 - 19
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.333 - 0.073
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 249.0 - 104.0
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70.1 - 18.7
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 279 - 71
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 37 - 33
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 26 - 24
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 27 - 24
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 38 - 35
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 26 - 24
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 17 - 15
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 25 - 23
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Range: min - max
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 3.930 - 31.60
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.84 - 1.93
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 36 - 116
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.190 - 0.600
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 152.0 - 600.0
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 42.4 - 110.7
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"|
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
===Differential===
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Heterophils
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Lymphocytes
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Monocytes
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Eosinophils
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Basophils
 
−
 
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Azurophils
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Thrombocytes
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 4.711 - 2.053
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 4.792 - 3.817
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.307 - 0.246
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.878 - 0.877
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.720 - 1.919
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.861 - 0.831
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 +
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 +
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 +
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| No. of samples (individuals)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (x 10^9)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 37 - 33
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 37 - 33
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 13
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 22 - 20
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 34 - 31
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 13
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Range: min - max
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.010 - 12.00
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.332 - 16.50
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.079 - 0.948
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.125 - 3.160
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.104
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.400 - 3.232
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
===Chemistry===
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Calcium
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Phosphorus
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Sodium
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Potassium
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Chloride
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Iron
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.03 - 0.4
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.23 - 0.32
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 161 - 8
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.1 - 1.0
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 - 6
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 32
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 31 - 29
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 31
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 31
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 25 - 23
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Range: min - max
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.48 - 4.15
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.78 - 2.13
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 138 - 178
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 - 7.3
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 114 - 140
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Magnesium
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| HCO3
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| BUN
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Creatinine
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Uric Acid
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Glucose
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22.3 - 7.2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| .0000 - .0000
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27 - 18
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.124 - 0.071
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.215 - 1.485
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4 - 2
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10 - 8
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 19 - 17
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 34 - 31
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 31
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range: min - max
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13.1 - 30.7
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| .0000 - .3570
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0 - 62
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.018 - 0.325
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.850 - 10.95
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Cholesterol
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Triglycerides
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| CK
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| LDH
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALP
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALT
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 3.094 - 1.534
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| .9020 - .9020
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 226 - 212
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 149 - 122
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 126 - 32
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 7 - 3
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 36 - 32
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 12 - 10
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 25 - 21
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9 - 9
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 14 - 14
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 15 - 14
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Range: min - max
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| .7800 - 6.552
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| .3080 - 3.509
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 27 - 940
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 42 - 392
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 90 - 207
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2 - 12
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| AST
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| GGT
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Tot Bilirubin
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| D Bilirubin
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Ind Bilirubin
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Fibrinogen
 
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 18 - 18
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0 - 0
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2 -2
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| No. of samples (individuals)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (x 10^9)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 30 - 27
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 8 - 8
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 18 - 16
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Range: min - max
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (x 10^9)
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2 - 76
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0 - 1
 
−
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0 - 7
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|}
 
−
 
−
 
−
===Electrophoresis===
 
−
 
−
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
−
|+
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Osmolarity
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Globulin
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Albumin
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Total protein
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Mean +/- s.d.
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (x 10^9)
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 360 - 17
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 9
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 - 5
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 60 - 10
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| No. of samples (individuals)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (x 10^9)  
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4 - 2
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14 -14
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14 - 14
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 19 - 17
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
−
|-
 
−
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Range: min - max
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 335 - 373
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 19 - 54
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 - 33
 
−
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 42 - 76
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
 
−
{{review}}
 
−
{{OpenPages}}
 
−
[[Category:Lizard_Diagnostics|B]]
 
−
[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]]
 
−
[[Category:Biochemistry Reference Ranges]]
 

Revision as of 15:00, 24 March 2010


 This article is still under construction.


Baseline haematology and biochemistry values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before the animals are presented for sickness. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.

Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was collected from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, creatinine and LDH were considered poor diagnostic parameters.

Haemotology

Haematology Values
Total RBC count (x 10^12/l) 1.0-1.9
PCV (l/l) 0.25-0.38
Hb (g/dl) 6.0-10.0
MCV (fl) 165-305
MCH (pg) 48-78
MCHC (g/dl) 20-38
Total WBC count (x 10^9/l) 3-10
Heterophils (x 10^9/l) 0.35-5.2
Azurophils (x 10^9/l) 0.0-1.7
Lymphocytes (x 10^9/l) 0.5-5.5
Eosinophils (x 10^9/l) 0.0-0.3
Monocytes (x 10^9/l) 0.0-0.1
Basophils (x 10^9/l) 0.0-0.5

Biochemistry

Biochemistry Values
Total protein (g/l) 50-78
Albumin (g/l) 21-28
Globulin (g/l) 25-43
Uric acid (mmol/l) 70-140
ALP (iu/l) 50-290
ALT (iu/l) 5-68
AST (iu/l) 5-52
GGT (iu/l) 0-3
Cholesterol (mmol/l) 2.7-8.6
Triglycerides (mmol/l) 0.6-7.8
Glucose (mmol/l) 9.4-16.0
Calcium (mmol/l) 2.2-3.5
Phosphorus (mmol/l) 1.5-3.0

References

  • Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.

Haematology and biochemistry of selected lizards (American units)

Prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia sp.) Green iguana (Iguana iguana) Iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)
Haematology
PCV (%) 35 (24-60) 45-52
RBC(10^12/l) 1.5 (0.8-1.4) 3.5-5.8
Hb (g/dl) 9.6 (7.4-11.6) 7.1
MCV (fl) 263 (152-600) 78-149
MCH (pg) 69 (42-111) 12-20
MCHC (g/dl) 28 (17-56) 14-16
WBC (x 10^9/l) 12.4 (3.9-22.4) 9 (4.3-15.0)
Heterophils (%) 37 (16-58) 5-55
Azurophils (%) 22 (8-42)
Lymphocytes (%) 22 (2-40) 35-55
Eosinophils (%) 4(0-18) 2
Monocytes (%) 0.6 (0-6) <4
Basophils (%) 15 (4-26) rare
Biochemistry
ALT (iu/l) 35-90 13 (3-38)
AP (iu/l) 30-95 14 (4-30)
AST (iu/l) 19 (<4-76) 20-65 179 (34-400)
Bilirubin total (mg/dl) 0.4-1.0 0.2 (0.1-0.5)
BUN (mg/dl) 6-15 2 (1-5)
Calcium (mg/dl) 13 (11-21) 9-13 11 (8-30)
Chloride (mEq/l) 124 (123-129) 102-125 120 (12-155)
Cholesterol (mg/dl) 144 (11-252) 210 (110-250) 243 (100-399)
Creatine kinase (iu/l) 210 (27-940) 90-300 4500 (700-14.240)
Creatinine (mg/dl) 0.1-0.7 0.5 (0.2-1.8)
GGT (iu/l)
Glucose (mg/dl) 100 (70-122) 197-280 355 (255-575)
LDH (iu/l) 150-400 789 (145-2915)
Magnesium (mEq/l) 0.9
Phosphorus (mg/dl) 3.7 (2.8-6.7) 3.5-6.0 5.5 (2.8-10.0)
Potassium (mEq/l) 3.6 (1.4-5.0) 3.6-5.2 2.6 (0.4-7.0)
Protein total (g/dl) 6.5 (5-8) 2.8-5.0 3.8 (2.4-5.4)
Albumin (g/dl) 1.0-1.6 2.3 (1.6-3.0)
Globulin (g/l) 1.5 (0.8-2.4)
a:g ratio 1.7 (1.0-2.3)
Sodium (mEq/l) 158 (145-167) 140-158 164 (137-245)
Thyroxine (ìg/dl) 1.5-4.6
Uric acid (mg/dl) 1.6 (<0.3-3.1) 2.8-6.0 5.6 (2.4-13.3)

References

  • Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.
  • Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
  • Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.

Haematology and biochemistry of chameleons

  • 38 samples from 35 individuals – 8 institutions
  • ISIS values
  • International units
Haematology Values Biochemistry Values
RBC (x10^12)
WBC (x10^9)
PCV (l/l)
Haemaglobin (g/l)
MCV (fl)
MCH (pg)
MCHC (g/dl)
Heterophils (x 10^9)
Eosinophils (x 10^9)
Lymphocytes (x 10^9)
Monocytes (x 10^9)
Basophils (x 10^9)
Azurophils (x 10^9)
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