Difference between revisions of "Lizard Blood Values"
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− | {{ | + | {{unfinished}} |
− | + | Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before the animals are presented for sickness. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results. | |
− | Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before | ||
− | |||
==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')== | ==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')== | ||
− | Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine | + | Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters. |
+ | ===Haemotology=== | ||
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show" | {| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show" | ||
Line 19: | Line 18: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total RBC count (x 10^12/l) | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total RBC count (x 10^12/l) | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.0-1.9 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.0-1.9 | ||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total protein (g/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Total protein|Total protein]] (g/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-78 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-78 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 27: | Line 25: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.25-0.38 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.25-0.38 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Albumin (g/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 21-28 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 21-28 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 39: | Line 37: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 165-305 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 165-305 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Uric acid (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70-140 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70-140 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 51: | Line 49: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 20-38 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 20-38 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| ALT (iu/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]] (iu/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-68 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-68 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 60: | Line 58: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-52 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-52 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Heterophils (x 10^9/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (x 10^9/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.35-5.2 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.35-5.2 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| GGT (iu/l) | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| GGT (iu/l) | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0-3 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0-3 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Azurophils (x 10^9/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (x 10^9/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-1.7 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-1.7 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
Line 73: | Line 70: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.7-8.6 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.7-8.6 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Lymphocytes (x 10^9/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (x 10^9/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.5-5.5 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.5-5.5 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
Line 79: | Line 76: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.6-7.8 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.6-7.8 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Eosinophils (x 10^9/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (x 10^9/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.3 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.3 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Glucose (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9.4-16.0 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9.4-16.0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Monocytes (x 10^9/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (x 10^9/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.1 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.1 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Calcium (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.2-3.5 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.2-3.5 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Basophils (x 10^9/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (x 10^9/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.5 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.5 | ||
|bgcolor="#66FF99"| | |bgcolor="#66FF99"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Phosphorus (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.5-3.0 | |bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.5-3.0 | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | + | ===References=== | |
− | References | ||
*Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6. | *Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6. | ||
Line 108: | Line 104: | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| | !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| | ||
− | !bgcolor="#FFFF99" | + | !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Prehensile-tailed skink (''Corucia'' sp.) |
− | !bgcolor="#FFFF99" | + | !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Green iguana (''Iguana iguana'') |
− | !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Iguanid lizard (''Dipsosaurus dorsalis | + | !bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Iguanid lizard (''Dipsosaurus dorsalis) |
|- | |- | ||
!bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Haematology | !bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Haematology | ||
Line 145: | Line 141: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 28 (17-56) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 28 (17-56) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14-16 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14-16 | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| |
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC (x 10^9/l) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC (x 10^9/l) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12.4 (3.9-22.4) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12.4 (3.9-22.4) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9 (4.3-15.0) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9 (4.3-15.0) | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| |
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Heterophils (%) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (%) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 37 (16-58) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 37 (16-58) | ||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5-55 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5-55 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Azurophils (%) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (%) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (8-42) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (8-42) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lymphocytes (%) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (%) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (2-40) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (2-40) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-55 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-55 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Eosinophils (%) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (%) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4(0-18) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4(0-18) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Monocytes (%) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (%) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.6 (0-6) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.6 (0-6) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <4 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <4 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Basophils (%) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (%) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15 (4-26) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15 (4-26) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| rare | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| rare | ||
Line 193: | Line 188: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ALT (iu/l) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]] (iu/l) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-90 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-90 | ||
Line 208: | Line 203: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 179 (34-400) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 179 (34-400) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Bilirubin total (mg/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Bilirubin|Bilirubin]] total (mg/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4-1.0 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4-1.0 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.2 (0.1-0.5) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.2 (0.1-0.5) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| BUN (mg/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]] (mg/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6-15 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6-15 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 (1-5) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 (1-5) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium (mg/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mg/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 (11-21) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 (11-21) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9-13 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9-13 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11 (8-30) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11 (8-30) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chloride (mEq/l) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride|Chloride]] (mEq/l) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 (123-129) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 (123-129) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 102-125 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 102-125 | ||
Line 233: | Line 228: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 243 (100-399) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 243 (100-399) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Creatine kinase (iu/l) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Creatine kinase|Creatine kinase]] (iu/l) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 210 (27-940) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 210 (27-940) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4500 (700-14.240) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4500 (700-14.240) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Creatinine (mg/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Creatinine|Creatinine]] (mg/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.1-0.7 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.1-0.7 | ||
Line 248: | Line 243: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glucose (mg/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]] (mg/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 100 (70-122) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 100 (70-122) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 197-280 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 197-280 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 355 (255-575) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 355 (255-575) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| LDH (iu/l) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] (iu/l) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-400 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-400 | ||
Line 263: | Line 258: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mg/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.7 (2.8-6.7) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.7 (2.8-6.7) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-6.0 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-6.0 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.5 (2.8-10.0) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.5 (2.8-10.0) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Potassium (mEq/l) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium|Potassium]] (mEq/l) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6 (1.4-5.0) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6 (1.4-5.0) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6-5.2 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6-5.2 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 (0.4-7.0) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 (0.4-7.0) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Protein total (g/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Total protein|Protein total]] (g/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.5 (5-8) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.5 (5-8) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-5.0 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-5.0 | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8 (2.4-5.4) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8 (2.4-5.4) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Albumin (g/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-1.6 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-1.6 | ||
Line 293: | Line 288: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7 (1.0-2.3) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7 (1.0-2.3) | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Sodium (mEq/l) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium|Sodium]] (mEq/l) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 158 (145-167) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 158 (145-167) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 140-158 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 140-158 | ||
Line 303: | Line 298: | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Uric acid (mg/dl) | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (mg/dl) |
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6 (<0.3-3.1) | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6 (<0.3-3.1) | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-6.0 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-6.0 | ||
Line 309: | Line 304: | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | + | ===References=== | |
− | + | *Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432. | |
− | |||
− | References | ||
− | *Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432. | ||
*Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76. | *Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76. | ||
*Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32. | *Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32. | ||
Line 333: | Line 325: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.84-1.93 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.84-1.93 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Total protein (g/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Total protein|Total protein]] (g/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42 - 76 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42 - 76 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 339: | Line 331: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 7.68-19.99 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 7.68-19.99 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Albumin (g/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 33 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 33 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 363: | Line 355: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42.4 - 88.2 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42.4 - 88.2 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Uric acid (umol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (umol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 180 - 325 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 180 - 325 | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 369: | Line 361: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 271-342 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 271-342 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Calcium (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.48-3.43 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.48-3.43 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Heterophils (x 10^9) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (x 10^9) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.0-7.23 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.0-7.23 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
Line 378: | Line 370: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 15 - 247 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 15 - 247 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Eosinophils (x 10^9) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (x 10^9) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12-1.67 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12-1.67 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
Line 384: | Line 376: | ||
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0-1 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0-1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Lymphocytes (x 10^9) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (x 10^9) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.92-8.34 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.92-8.34 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| LDH (iu/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] (iu/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42-392 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42-392 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Monocytes (x 10^9) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (x 10^9) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12 0.57 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12 0.57 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Sodium (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Sodium|Sodium]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 136 - 169 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 136 - 169 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Basophils (x 10^9) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (x 10^9) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.00-26.3 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.00-26.3 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Potassium|Potassium]] (mmol/l) | |
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Potassium (mmol/l) | ||
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.1-5.1 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.1-5.1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Azurophils (x 10^9) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (x 10^9) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.40-3.23 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.40-3.23 | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Chloride (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Chloride|Chloride]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 114 - 130 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 114 - 130 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Thrombocytes | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Thrombocytes|Thrombocytes]] |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| | ||
|bgcolor="#9999FF"| | |bgcolor="#9999FF"| | ||
− | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Phosphorus (mmol/l) | + | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mmol/l) |
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.35-2.91 | |bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.35-2.91 | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | + | ==Bosc monitor blood values== | |
− | ==Bosc | ||
Anecdotal information - International units | Anecdotal information - International units | ||
Line 424: | Line 414: | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| CBC | !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| CBC | ||
− | !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| | + | !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| PCV | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| PCV | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-35% | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-35% | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3-10 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3-10 | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFCC99"| | + | |- |
+ | !bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Biochemistry | ||
+ | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| uric | ||
+ | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300 | ||
+ | |- | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Ca | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Ca | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.1-3.2 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.1-3.2 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| PO | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| PO | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-2.5 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-2.5 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| AST | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| AST | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-140 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-140 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| TP | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| TP | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 55-85 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 55-85 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
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|- | |- | ||
− | |||
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− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glu | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glu | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.6 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.6 | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Amylase | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Amylase | ||
− | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-700 | + | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|150-700 |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chol | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chol | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.5-7.5 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.5-7.5 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
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− | |||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Trig | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Trig | ||
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-4.5 | |bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-4.5 | ||
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Revision as of 16:31, 24 March 2010
This article is still under construction. |
Baseline haematology and biochemistry values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before the animals are presented for sickness. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.
Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)
Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was collected from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, creatinine and LDH were considered poor diagnostic parameters.
Haemotology
Haematology | Values | Biochemistry | Values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total RBC count (x 10^12/l) | 1.0-1.9 | Total protein (g/l) | 50-78 | |
PCV (l/l) | 0.25-0.38 | Albumin (g/l) | 21-28 | |
Hb (g/dl) | 6.0-10.0 | Globulin (g/l) | 25-43 | |
MCV (fl) | 165-305 | Uric acid (mmol/l) | 70-140 | |
MCH (pg) | 48-78 | ALP (iu/l) | 50-290 | |
MCHC (g/dl) | 20-38 | ALT (iu/l) | 5-68 | |
Total WBC count (x 10^9/l) | 3-10 | AST (iu/l) | 5-52 | |
Heterophils (x 10^9/l) | 0.35-5.2 | GGT (iu/l) | 0-3 | |
Azurophils (x 10^9/l) | 0.0-1.7 | Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.7-8.6 | |
Lymphocytes (x 10^9/l) | 0.5-5.5 | Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 0.6-7.8 | |
Eosinophils (x 10^9/l) | 0.0-0.3 | Glucose (mmol/l) | 9.4-16.0 | |
Monocytes (x 10^9/l) | 0.0-0.1 | Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.2-3.5 | |
Basophils (x 10^9/l) | 0.0-0.5 | Phosphorus (mmol/l) | 1.5-3.0 |
References
- Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.
Haematology and biochemistry of selected lizards (American units)
Prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia sp.) | Green iguana (Iguana iguana) | Iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) | |
---|---|---|---|
Haematology | |||
PCV (%) | 35 (24-60) | 45-52 | |
RBC(10^12/l) | 1.5 (0.8-1.4) | 3.5-5.8 | |
Hb (g/dl) | 9.6 (7.4-11.6) | 7.1 | |
MCV (fl) | 263 (152-600) | 78-149 | |
MCH (pg) | 69 (42-111) | 12-20 | |
MCHC (g/dl) | 28 (17-56) | 14-16 | |
WBC (x 10^9/l) | 12.4 (3.9-22.4) | 9 (4.3-15.0) | |
Heterophils (%) | 37 (16-58) | 5-55 | |
Azurophils (%) | 22 (8-42) | ||
Lymphocytes (%) | 22 (2-40) | 35-55 | |
Eosinophils (%) | 4(0-18) | 2 | |
Monocytes (%) | 0.6 (0-6) | <4 | |
Basophils (%) | 15 (4-26) | rare | |
Biochemistry | |||
ALT (iu/l) | 35-90 | 13 (3-38) | |
AP (iu/l) | 30-95 | 14 (4-30) | |
AST (iu/l) | 19 (<4-76) | 20-65 | 179 (34-400) |
Bilirubin total (mg/dl) | 0.4-1.0 | 0.2 (0.1-0.5) | |
BUN (mg/dl) | 6-15 | 2 (1-5) | |
Calcium (mg/dl) | 13 (11-21) | 9-13 | 11 (8-30) |
Chloride (mEq/l) | 124 (123-129) | 102-125 | 120 (12-155) |
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 144 (11-252) | 210 (110-250) | 243 (100-399) |
Creatine kinase (iu/l) | 210 (27-940) | 90-300 | 4500 (700-14.240) |
Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.1-0.7 | 0.5 (0.2-1.8) | |
GGT (iu/l) | |||
Glucose (mg/dl) | 100 (70-122) | 197-280 | 355 (255-575) |
LDH (iu/l) | 150-400 | 789 (145-2915) | |
Magnesium (mEq/l) | 0.9 | ||
Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 3.7 (2.8-6.7) | 3.5-6.0 | 5.5 (2.8-10.0) |
Potassium (mEq/l) | 3.6 (1.4-5.0) | 3.6-5.2 | 2.6 (0.4-7.0) |
Protein total (g/dl) | 6.5 (5-8) | 2.8-5.0 | 3.8 (2.4-5.4) |
Albumin (g/dl) | 1.0-1.6 | 2.3 (1.6-3.0) | |
Globulin (g/l) | 1.5 (0.8-2.4) | ||
a:g ratio | 1.7 (1.0-2.3) | ||
Sodium (mEq/l) | 158 (145-167) | 140-158 | 164 (137-245) |
Thyroxine (ìg/dl) | 1.5-4.6 | ||
Uric acid (mg/dl) | 1.6 (<0.3-3.1) | 2.8-6.0 | 5.6 (2.4-13.3) |
References
- Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.
- Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
- Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.
Haematology and biochemistry of chameleons
- 38 samples from 35 individuals – 8 institutions
- ISIS values
- International units
Haematology | Values | Biochemistry | Values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
RBC (x10^12) | 0.84-1.93 | Total protein (g/l) | 42 - 76 | |
WBC (x10^9) | 7.68-19.99 | Albumin (g/l) | 13 - 33 | |
PCV (l/l) | 0.19-0.40 | Urea (mmol/l) | 1.1-5.3 | |
Haemaglobin (g/l) | 3.6-11.6 | ALK (iu/l) | 10-207 | |
MCV (fl) | 145 - 353 | Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.09-6.53 | |
MCH (pg) | 42.4 - 88.2 | Uric acid (umol/l) | 180 - 325 | |
MCHC (g/dl) | 271-342 | Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.48-3.43 | |
Heterophils (x 10^9) | 2.0-7.23 | AST (iu/l) | 15 - 247 | |
Eosinophils (x 10^9) | 0.12-1.67 | GOT (iu/l) | 0-1 | |
Lymphocytes (x 10^9) | 0.92-8.34 | LDH (iu/l) | 42-392 | |
Monocytes (x 10^9) | 0.12 0.57 | Sodium (mmol/l) | 136 - 169 | |
Basophils (x 10^9) | 0.00-26.3 | Potassium (mmol/l) | 3.1-5.1 | |
Azurophils (x 10^9) | 0.40-3.23 | Chloride (mmol/l) | 114 - 130 | |
Thrombocytes | Phosphorus (mmol/l) | 1.35-2.91 |
Bosc monitor blood values
Anecdotal information - International units
CBC | |
---|---|
PCV | 20-35% |
WBC | 3-10 |
Biochemistry | |
uric | 90-300 |
Ca | 2.1-3.2 |
PO | 1.1-2.5 |
AST | 20-140 |
TP | 55-85 |
Glu | 3.5-9.6 |
Amylase | 150-700 |
Chol | 2.5-7.5 |
Trig | 1.0-4.5 |