Difference between revisions of "Category:Oral Cavity and Gingiva - Pathology"
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==[[:Category:Oral Cavity - Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology]]== | ==[[:Category:Oral Cavity - Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology]]== | ||
− | ==Vesicular Pathology== | + | ==[[:Category:Oral Cavity - Vesicular Pathology]]== |
===Pathology=== | ===Pathology=== | ||
*Damage to [[prickle cell]]s ([[stratum spinosum]]). | *Damage to [[prickle cell]]s ([[stratum spinosum]]). | ||
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*No major problems associated with vesicles on [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] in dogs (except if due to drinking battery acid, but this also produces vomiting). | *No major problems associated with vesicles on [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] in dogs (except if due to drinking battery acid, but this also produces vomiting). | ||
− | ==Catarrhal Stomatitis== | + | ==Catarrhal [[Stomatitis]]== |
*Non-specific, general stomatitis | *Non-specific, general stomatitis | ||
===Pathology=== | ===Pathology=== | ||
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==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== | ==Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation== | ||
==Eosinophilic Inflammation== | ==Eosinophilic Inflammation== | ||
− | ===Eosinophilic granuloma=== | + | ===[[Eosinophilic granuloma]]=== |
This is a complex of diseases affecting skin and [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] mainly of cat, which include: | This is a complex of diseases affecting skin and [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] mainly of cat, which include: | ||
#Oral eosinophilic granuloma | #Oral eosinophilic granuloma | ||
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==Necrotizing Inflammation== | ==Necrotizing Inflammation== | ||
==Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation== | ==Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation== | ||
− | ==Immune Mediated Pathology== | + | ==[[:Category:Oral Cavity - Immune Mediated Pathology]]== |
===Autoimmune=== | ===Autoimmune=== | ||
*Occasionally see vesicles on the oral mucosa. associated with autoimmune diseases such as [[pemphigus]] vulgaris. | *Occasionally see vesicles on the oral mucosa. associated with autoimmune diseases such as [[pemphigus]] vulgaris. | ||
===Hypersensitivity=== | ===Hypersensitivity=== | ||
− | ==Proliferative Pathology== | + | |
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==[[:Category:Oral Cavity - Proliferative Pathology]]== | ||
===Hyperplastic=== | ===Hyperplastic=== | ||
====Polychlorinated Napthalene Poisoning==== | ====Polychlorinated Napthalene Poisoning==== | ||
+ | Hyperplastic proliferative pathology | ||
*Polychlorinated biphenyl's (PCB's). | *Polychlorinated biphenyl's (PCB's). | ||
*Used in all sorts of things. | *Used in all sorts of things. | ||
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*[[Poxviridae|Pox]] infection | *[[Poxviridae|Pox]] infection | ||
*Quite a common '''zoonotic''' disease | *Quite a common '''zoonotic''' disease | ||
− | + | Papular proliferative pathology | |
=====Clinical===== | =====Clinical===== | ||
*In sheep produces a proliferative nodule/papular mass on [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]] | *In sheep produces a proliferative nodule/papular mass on [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]] | ||
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===Neoplastic=== | ===Neoplastic=== | ||
====Squamous cell carcinoma==== | ====Squamous cell carcinoma==== | ||
− | [[Image:oral squamous cell carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Oral squamous cell carcinoma'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]] | + | [[Image:oral squamous cell carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Oral squamous cell carcinoma'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center></small>]] neoplastic |
+ | |||
− | == | + | ==[[Category:Oral Cavity - Metabolic Pathology]]== |
− | + | ===[[Uraemia]]=== | |
− | ===Uraemia=== | ||
[[Image:uraemia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Lesions due to uraemia associated with pyelonephritis/chronic renal failure (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]] | [[Image:uraemia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Lesions due to uraemia associated with pyelonephritis/chronic renal failure (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]] | ||
*In terminal renal failure animal may present with painful ulcers in mouth, which become secondarily infected with Fusiformis. | *In terminal renal failure animal may present with painful ulcers in mouth, which become secondarily infected with Fusiformis. | ||
Line 161: | Line 165: | ||
*Most commonly seen in dog sometimes in cat. | *Most commonly seen in dog sometimes in cat. | ||
− | ==Nutritional Pathology== | + | ==[[:Category:Oral Cavity - Nutritional Pathology]]== |
− | ===Nicotinic Acid Deficiency=== | + | ===[[Nicotinic Acid Deficiency]]=== |
*May also cause epithelial necrosis and sloughing. | *May also cause epithelial necrosis and sloughing. | ||
− | ==Traumatic Pathology== | + | ==[[:Category:Oral Cavity - Traumatic Pathology]]== |
===Ulcers Following Trauma=== | ===Ulcers Following Trauma=== | ||
*Any animal that is exposed to coarse feed or sharp things in food can suffer from ulcers in mouth. | *Any animal that is exposed to coarse feed or sharp things in food can suffer from ulcers in mouth. |
Revision as of 14:10, 24 May 2010
Oral Cavity and Gingiva - Pathology
Stomatitis - generalised inflammation throughout mouth. Glossitis - inflammation of tongue. Pharyngitis - pharynx inflammation.
Content
Category:Oral Cavity - Erosive & Ulcerative Pathology
Category:Oral Cavity - Vesicular Pathology
Pathology
- Damage to prickle cells (stratum spinosum).
- Appears as accumulation of fluid within epithelium, quickly erodes leaving hyperaemic stratum germinativum.
- Heals by proliferation of new cells, so long as infection does not continue.
Pathogenesis
May be caused by:
- Ingestion of hot food (corrosive liquids)
- Systemic viral diseases. e.g:
- Foot and Mouth disease - ruminants and pigs
- Vesicular stomatitis - horse, pigs, cattle
- Vesicular exanthema - pigs
N.B. All are indistinguishable from FMD clinically.
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMDV)
Pathology
Gross
- Initially - hyperaemia of mucosa (e.g. catarrhal inflammation) then within 12 hours produces fluid filled vesicles on dorsum of tongue, may be other places
- Small vesicle coalesce to produce big ones -i.e. Bullae
- Very quickly rupture; epithelium appears dirty grey in colour because of necrosis - sloughed skin, very good for diagnosis
- Leave painful, hyperaemic epithelium
- Looks like "ulcer "with ragged edge but not a true ulcer as stratum germinativum retained and will rapidly heal completely in about 2 weeks unless becomes secondarily infected
Microscopic lesions
- Degeneration of prickle cells
- Cells "balloon" as fill with fluid and then die to produce vesicle containing straw coloured or clear fluid
Swine Vesicular Disease
- May produce vesicles in mouth that are indistinguishable from foot and mouth disease
- Swine vesicular disease produces sporadic large outbreaks
- Approximately 5% have lesions in mouth, foot lesions much more common
Vesicles in dogs
- Vesicles in mouth are often caused by hot food - especially in dogs.
- Can produce quite big vesicles, but will heal.
- No major problems associated with vesicles on tongue in dogs (except if due to drinking battery acid, but this also produces vomiting).
Catarrhal Stomatitis
- Non-specific, general stomatitis
Pathology
- Starts as hyperaemia and oedema of tongue or pharynx with mucoid exudate on surface.
- Lymphoid follicles on soft palate may enlarge and proliferate.
- Often see white spots due to epithelial hyperplasia and increased mucous secretion.
- (can be scraped off to leave ordinary mucosa underneath).
- May produce bad smell.
- Resolves normally if not secondarily infected.
Pathogenesis
- May be caused by:
- Low grade streptococcal infection
- Ingestion of toxins
- Result of other more systemic diseases
Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous Inflammation
Eosinophilic Inflammation
Eosinophilic granuloma
This is a complex of diseases affecting skin and oral cavity mainly of cat, which include:
- Oral eosinophilic granuloma
- Linear granuloma of skin
- Eosinophilic plaque of skin
Clinical
- Any age, but usually young adults.
- Mainly affects lips, may also occasionally affect frenulum of tongue.
- Sometimes called "rodent ulcer "
- Not neoplastic - it is an inflammatory disease but is progressive and destructive.
- May see small plaque or becomes very infiltrative.
- In worst cases may erode away whole nose.
Pathogenesis
- Histologically lots of eosinophils, polymorphs.
- Exaggerated eosinophilic response.
Necrotizing Inflammation
Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation
Category:Oral Cavity - Immune Mediated Pathology
Autoimmune
- Occasionally see vesicles on the oral mucosa. associated with autoimmune diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris.
Hypersensitivity
Category:Oral Cavity - Proliferative Pathology
Hyperplastic
Polychlorinated Napthalene Poisoning
Hyperplastic proliferative pathology
- Polychlorinated biphenyl's (PCB's).
- Used in all sorts of things.
- Do not break down in environment and very toxic.
- Poisoning was classically seen as proliferative stomatitis when PCB used to lubricate feed pellet making machine.
- Vitamin A antagonist produces hyperkeratosis of mouth (like Vitamin A deficiency).
Papular
Orf
- Pox infection
- Quite a common zoonotic disease
Papular proliferative pathology
Clinical
- In sheep produces a proliferative nodule/papular mass on lips
- In flocks in which it is endemic it is seen in lamb
- If flock is non-immune seen in ewes too but much worse in lambs (may spread to inside of mouth)
- Can spread to udder of ewe
Pathology
- Poxvirus infections produce local infection of prickle cells in epithelium with proliferation of cells and formation of papule followed by ulceration / necrosis and covered by necrotic epithelium
- Eventually scabs form and crust drops off
- Scabs - very infectious ( N.B.if touch -> catch it)
Bovine Papular stomatitis
- Parapox virus
- Very similar disease to orf but seen in cattle and generally milder condition.
- Must be differentiated from Foot and Mouth Disease and Mucosal Disease.
- Sporadic, in cattle, less than 1 year old.
- Develop papules on the muzzle, external nares and in the oral cavity; the oesophagus and forestomachs may also be affected.
- Usually heals spontaneously.
Pathogenesis
- The early lesions are round areas of intense congestion up to 1.5 cm in diameter.
- The centre becomes necrotic and slightly depressed.
- Slow peripheral extension of this lesion gives a classical ring zone formation with concentric rings of
- yellow (necrosis),
- grey (epithelial hyperplasia)
- red (congestion).
Histology
- There are focal areas of hydropic degeneration in the stratum spinosum
- Large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion
- Epidermis is markedly thickened.
- The superficial layers of the epithelium become necrotic and slough.
- Vesicle formation is not a feature of this disease.
Papilloma
Neoplastic
Squamous cell carcinoma
neoplastic
Uraemia
- In terminal renal failure animal may present with painful ulcers in mouth, which become secondarily infected with Fusiformis.
- High concentrations of toxic materials in the blood results in degeneration of small arterioles.
- In the mouth, this damage to the blood supply can cause epithelial necrosis.
- Usually seen as erosions along the ventrolateral borders of the tongue and on the cheeks, especially opposite the teeth.
- In some cases there may be more extensive necrosis which may involve subepithelial tissue
- for example, the tip of the tongue may slough.
- Most commonly seen in dog sometimes in cat.
Category:Oral Cavity - Nutritional Pathology
Nicotinic Acid Deficiency
- May also cause epithelial necrosis and sloughing.
Category:Oral Cavity - Traumatic Pathology
Ulcers Following Trauma
- Any animal that is exposed to coarse feed or sharp things in food can suffer from ulcers in mouth.
- They often become secondarily infected with production of metastatic infection that may result in large abscess on point of jaw.
- i.e. trauma on tongue may lead to secondary infection that may lead to abscess in drainage lymph node.
- Deep ulcers may occur as a result of trauma in any species.
- These readily become secondarily infected by Fusiformis.
- Produces a fibrin-covered ulcer.
- Responds to antibiotics, but may leave a defect or scar in mucosa.
Vascular Pathology
Learning Tools
Subcategories
This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total.
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Pages in category "Oral Cavity and Gingiva - Pathology"
The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total.