Difference between revisions of "Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology"

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{{toplink
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|linkpage =Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology
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|linktext =Alimentary System
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|maplink =
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|pagetype =Anatomy
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|sublink1=Oral Cavity - Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology#Major Salivary Glands
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|subtext1=MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS
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<br>
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==Parotid Salivary Gland==
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[[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Parotid Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
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*[[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy and Physiology|Serous]] secretion
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*Moulded around base of [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Outer Ear|auricular cartilage]] of ear
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*Enclosed within facial covering
  
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==Overview==
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*Trabeculae divide gland into lobules
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[[File:Salivary glands.jpg|500px|thumb|right|Dog salivary glands]]
 
  
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The parotid salivary gland produces a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion. It is moulded around the base of the [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Outer Ear|auricular cartilage]] of the ear. It is enclosed within facial covering.
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*Major ducts run within trabeculae and merge to form a single duct
  
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Trabeculae divide the gland into lobules. Major ducts run within trabeculae and merge to form a single duct. The duct opens in the vestibule opposite the 4th upper premolar (not all species).
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*Duct opens in vestibule opposite 4th upper premolar (Not all species)
  
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The parotid gland is innervated by the '''glossopharyngeal nerve''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) via the trigeminal branch.
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*Innervated by glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) via trigeminal branch ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]])
  
 
==Development==
 
==Development==
  
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Intercalated duct becomes a striated duct and cuboidal cells develop with mitochondria in the base. The duct develops into an interlobular duct. The cells become stratified columnar cells. The stratified squamous epithelium then becomes continuous with the epithelium lining of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]].
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1. Intercalated duct. Cuboidal cells.
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2. Striated duct. Cuboidal cells with mitochondria in base.
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3. Interlobular duct. Columnar to stratified columnar cells.
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4. Stratified squamous epithelium continuous with epithelium lining [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]
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==Histology==
 
==Histology==
  
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The parotid gland is a '''tubulo-acinar gland'''. It has a '''basophilic endoplasmic reticulum''' and a '''stratified squamous epithelium'''. It consists of '''acinar cells''' surrounded by myoepithelial cells and basement membrane.
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*Basophilic endoplasmic reticulum
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*Stratified squamous epithelium
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*Tubulo-acinar gland
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*Acinar cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells and basement membrane
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==Species Differences==
 
==Species Differences==
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[[Image:Parotid Duct.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Parotid Duct (Dog) - Copyright RVC]]
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===Carnivores===
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*Some mucous secretion in cat and dog
  
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===Carnivores===
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*Duct is superficial in dog
  
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The duct runs across the masseter muscle in carnivores and is superficial in the dog. The gland produces some mucous secretion in the cat and dog.
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*Duct runs across masseter muscle in carnivores
  
 
===Herbivores===
 
===Herbivores===
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*Larger gland and higher flow rate in herbivores to lubricate and soften food
  
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It is a larger gland with a higher flow rate in herbivores to lubricate and soften the food. The duct is superficial in small ruminants. The parotid gland extends rostrally over the masseter muscle, ventrally to the angle of the jaw and caudally towards the atlantal fossa. The duct runs ventrally in herbivores below the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandibule (mandibula)|mandible]] (facial groove in horses) before entering the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] at the rostral margin of the masseter muscle.
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*Duct is superficial in small ruminants
  
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===Equine===
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*Parotid gland extends rostrally over masseter muscle, ventrally to angle of jaw and caudally towards atlantal fossa
  
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The gland overlies the [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Equine Gutteral Pouch|guttural pouch]].
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*Duct runs ventrally in herbivores below the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandibule (mandibula)|mandible]] (facial groove in horses) before entering the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] at the rostral margin of the masseter muscle
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<br />
 
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<br />
 
  
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{{Template:Learning
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===Equine===
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|flashcards = [[Salivary Gland Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
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*Gland overlies the [[Ear - Anatomy & Physiology#Equine Gutteral Pouch|gutteral pouch]]
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|videos = [http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/canine/head_neck/Pot0258.mp4 Lateral section through the head of a dog]
 
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=salivary Salivary Gland Diseases]
 
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}}
 
  
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==Webinars==
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==Links==
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<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/endocrinology/webinars/feed</rss>
 
  
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[[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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'''Video'''
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[[Category:A&P Done]]
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[http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Anatomy/canine/head_neck/Pot0258.mp4 Pot 258 Lateral section through the head of a dog]

Revision as of 00:19, 3 July 2010

Anatomy and PhysiologyWikiAnt and Phys Banner.png
ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS



Parotid Salivary Gland

Parotid Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008
  • Enclosed within facial covering
  • Trabeculae divide gland into lobules
  • Major ducts run within trabeculae and merge to form a single duct
  • Duct opens in vestibule opposite 4th upper premolar (Not all species)
  • Innervated by glossopharyngeal (CN IX) via trigeminal branch (CN V)

Development

1. Intercalated duct. Cuboidal cells.

2. Striated duct. Cuboidal cells with mitochondria in base.

3. Interlobular duct. Columnar to stratified columnar cells.

4. Stratified squamous epithelium continuous with epithelium lining oral cavity


Histology

  • Basophilic endoplasmic reticulum
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Tubulo-acinar gland
  • Acinar cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells and basement membrane


Species Differences

Parotid Duct (Dog) - Copyright RVC

Carnivores

  • Some mucous secretion in cat and dog
  • Duct is superficial in dog
  • Duct runs across masseter muscle in carnivores

Herbivores

  • Larger gland and higher flow rate in herbivores to lubricate and soften food
  • Duct is superficial in small ruminants
  • Parotid gland extends rostrally over masseter muscle, ventrally to angle of jaw and caudally towards atlantal fossa
  • Duct runs ventrally in herbivores below the mandible (facial groove in horses) before entering the oral cavity at the rostral margin of the masseter muscle

Equine

Links

Video Pot 258 Lateral section through the head of a dog

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