Difference between revisions of "Systemic Mycoses - Flashcards"

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−
==<font color="black">Adiaspiromycosis</font>==
+
{{toplink
−
<FlashCard questions="2">
+
|backcolour = f5fffa
−
|q1=What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?
+
|linkpage =Systemic Mycoses
−
|a1=
+
|linktext =SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
−
*Non-contageous
+
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
−
*Pulmonary mycosis
+
|subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
−
*Respiratory infection
+
|pagetype =Bugs
−
|l1=Adiaspiromycosis
+
}}
−
|q2=Which animals are mostly affected?
+
==<font color="purple">Adiaspiromycosis</font>==
−
|a2=
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
*Rodents
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
*Small animals
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
|l2=Adiaspiromycosis
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
</FlashCard>
+
|-
 +
|<big>'''What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Non-contageous'''''
 +
*'''''Pulmonary mycosis'''''
 +
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
 +
||[[Adiaspiromycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which animals are mostly affected?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Rodents'''''
 +
*'''''Small animals'''''
 +
||[[Adiaspiromycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Aspergillosis</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Aspergillosis</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="6">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=<small>Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections:
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
<br />Aspergiollosis is found _____. It is widely present in _____ and can colonise a _____ range of substrates under _____ environmental conditions. It is abundant in ______ and ______ which have ______ during storage.
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
|a1=Aspergiollosis is found worldwide. It is widely present in nature and can colonise a wide range of substrates under different> environmental conditions. It is abundant in hay, straw and grain which have heated during storage.
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
|l1=Aspergillosis
+
|-
−
|q2=What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?
+
|<big>'''Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections'''
−
|a2=
+
||<big>Aspergiollosis is found <font color="white">'''''worldwide'''''</font>. It is widely present in <font color="white">'''''nature'''''</font> and can colonise a <font color="white">'''''wide'''''</font> range of substrates under <font color="white">'''''different'''''</font> environmental conditions. It is abundant in <font color="white">'''''hay, straw'''''</font> and <font color="white">'''''grain'''''</font> which have <font color="white">'''''heated'''''</font> during storage.
−
*Diarrhoea
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Listlessness
+
|-
−
*Pyrexia
+
|<big>'''What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?'''
−
*Loss of appetite
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Loss of condition
+
*'''''Diarrhoea'''''
−
*Convulsions
+
*'''''Listlessness'''''
−
*Death
+
*'''''Pyrexia'''''
−
|l2=Aspergillosis
+
*'''''Loss of appetite'''''
−
|q3=What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?
+
*'''''Loss of condition'''''
−
|a3=
+
*'''''Convulsions'''''
−
*Up to 2mm in diameter
+
*'''''Death'''''
−
*Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Miliary lesions in acute infections
+
|-
−
*Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections
+
|<big>'''What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?'''
−
|l3=Aspergillosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q4=What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?
+
*'''''Up to 2mm in diameter'''''
−
|a4=
+
*'''''Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre'''''
−
*Gutteral pouch mycosis
+
*'''''Miliary lesions in acute infections'''''
−
*Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)
+
*'''''Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections'''''
−
*Mycotic abortion
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l4=Aspergillosis
+
|-
−
|q5=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
+
|<big>'''What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?'''
−
|a5=
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*White colonies initially
+
*'''''Gutteral pouch mycosis'''''
−
*Colonies turn green and then dark green
+
*'''''Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)'''''
−
*Flat and velvety
+
*'''''Mycotic abortion'''''
−
*Colony colour varies with species
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l5=Aspergillosis
+
|-
−
|q6=How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?
+
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
−
|a6=
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Surgery
+
*'''''White colonies initially'''''
−
*Antifungal drugs
+
*'''''Colonies turn green and then dark green'''''
−
*Ketoconazole
+
*'''''Flat and velvety'''''
−
*Nystatin
+
*'''''Colony colour varies with species'''''
−
*Amphotericin B
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*5-fluorocytosine
+
|-
−
*Thiabendazole
+
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?'''
−
|l6=Aspergillosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
</FlashCard>
+
*'''''Surgery'''''
 +
*'''''Antifungal drugs'''''
 +
**'''''Ketoconazole'''''
 +
**'''''Nystatin'''''
 +
**'''''Amphotericin B'''''
 +
**'''''5-fluorocytosine'''''
 +
**'''''Thiabendazole'''''
 +
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Blastomycosis</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Blastomycosis</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="5">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Respiratory infection
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Lesions start in the lungs
+
|-
−
*Haematogenous dissemination
+
|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?'''
−
*Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Fatal if not treated
+
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
−
*Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules
+
*'''''Lesions start in the lungs'''''
−
|l1=Blastomycosis
+
*'''''Haematogenous dissemination'''''
−
|q2=What do colonies look like on Blood agar?
+
*'''''Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia'''''
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Fatal if not treated'''''
−
*Cream coloured
+
*'''''Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules'''''
−
*Waxy
+
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Crinkled
+
|-
−
|l2=Blastomycosis
+
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Blood agar?'''
−
|q3=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a3=
+
*'''''Cream coloured'''''
−
*Grey coloured
+
*'''''Waxy'''''
−
*Moist
+
*'''''Crinkled'''''
−
*White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black
+
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l3=Blastomycosis
+
|-
−
|q4=How would you diagnose an infection?
+
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
−
|a4=
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Clinical signs
+
*'''''Grey coloured'''''
−
*Complement fixation test
+
*'''''Moist'''''
−
*ELISA
+
*'''''White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black'''''
−
*Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
+
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l4=Blastomycosis
+
|-
−
|q5=How would you treat an infection?
+
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
−
|a5=
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Amphotericin B
+
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
−
*Imidazoles
+
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
−
|l5=Blastomycosis
+
*'''''ELISA'''''
−
</FlashCard>
+
*'''''Counterimmunoelectrophoresis'''''
 +
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
 +
*'''''Imidazoles'''''
 +
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Coccidioidomycosis</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Coccidioidomycosis</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="3">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Arid
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Dusty
+
|-
−
*E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA
+
|<big>'''What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?'''
−
|l1=Coccidioidomycosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q2=Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?
+
*'''''Arid'''''
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Dusty'''''
−
*Respiratory infection
+
*'''''E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA'''''
−
*Causes localised nodules and granulomas
+
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs
+
|-
−
*Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones
+
|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?'''
−
|l2=Coccidioidomycosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q3=How would you diagnose an infection?
+
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
−
|a3=
+
*'''''Causes localised nodules and granulomas'''''
−
*Clinical signs
+
*'''''Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs'''''
−
*Complement fixation test
+
*'''''Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones'''''
−
*Latex agglutination
+
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Immunodiffusion
+
|-
−
*A positive skin test indicates exposure
+
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
−
|l3=Coccidioidomycosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
</FlashCard>
+
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
 +
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
 +
*'''''Latex agglutination'''''
 +
*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
 +
*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure'''''
 +
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Entomophthoromycisus</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Entomophthoromycisus</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="2">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes
+
|-
−
|l1=Entomophthoromycisus
+
|<big>'''What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?'''
−
|q2=How would you treat an infection?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue'''''
−
*Surgical excision
+
*'''''Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes'''''
−
*Amphotericin B
+
||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Ketoconazole
+
|-
−
|l2=Entomophthoromycisus
+
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
−
</FlashCard>
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
 +
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
 +
*'''''Ketoconazole'''''
 +
||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
 
+
==<font color="purple">Histoplasmosis</font>==
−
==<font color="black">Histoplasmosis</font>==
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
<FlashCard questions="5">
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|q1=True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores?
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*False
+
|-
−
*Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory
+
|<big>'''True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores'''
−
|l1=Histoplasmosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q2=Which organs/bodily systems are affected?
+
*'''''False'''''
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory'''''
−
*Reticuloendothelial
+
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Pulmonary
+
|-
−
*Intestinal
+
|<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are affected?'''
−
|l2=Histoplasmosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q3=Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?
+
*'''''Reticuloendothelial'''''
−
|a3=
+
*'''''Pulmonary'''''
−
*Macrophages
+
*'''''Intestinal'''''
−
|l3=Histoplasmosis
+
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q4=How would you diagnose an infection?
+
|-
−
|a4=
+
|<big>'''Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?'''
−
*Clinical signs
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Complement fixation test
+
*'''''Macrophages'''''
−
*Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion
+
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Immunodiffusion
+
|-
−
*A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)
+
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
−
|l4=Histoplasmosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q5=How would you treat an infection?
+
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
−
|a5=
+
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
−
*Amphotericin B
+
*'''''Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion'''''
−
*If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given
+
*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
−
*In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor
+
*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)'''''
−
|l5=Histoplasmosis
+
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
</FlashCard>
+
|-
−
<br>
+
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
−
 
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
==<font color="black">Zygomycosis</font>==
+
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
−
<FlashCard questions="6">
+
*'''''If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given'''''
−
|q1=Which fungi cause zygomycosis?
+
*'''''In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor'''''
−
|a1=
+
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Mucor
+
|}
−
*Absidia
 
−
*Rhizopus
 
−
*Mortierella
 
−
|l1=Zygomycosis
 
−
|q2=Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*Infection is through inhalation and ingestion
 
−
*Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected
 
−
*Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous
 
−
*Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers
 
−
*Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)
 
−
*Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate
 
−
|l2=Zygomycosis
 
−
|q3=Where do lesions occur in pigs?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes
 
−
*Stomach ulcers
 
−
*Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver
 
−
|l3=Zygomycosis
 
−
|q4=Where do lesions occur in cattle?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes
 
−
*Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum
 
−
*Can contaminate the placenta
 
−
|l4=Zygomycosis
 
−
|q5=True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants?
 
−
|a5=
 
−
*True
 
−
|l5=Zygomycosis
 
−
|q6=How would you treat an infection?
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*Amphotericin B
 
−
*Surgical excision
 
−
|l6=Zygomycosis
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
 
+
==<font color="purple">Zygomycosis</font>==
−
[[Category:Systemic Mycoses|Zz]][[Category:Fungi Flashcards]]
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which fungi cause zygomycosis?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mucor'''''
 +
*'''''Absidia'''''
 +
*'''''Rhizopus'''''
 +
*'''''Mortierella'''''
 +
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Infection is through inhalation and ingestion'''''
 +
*'''''Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected'''''
 +
*'''''Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous'''''
 +
*'''''Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers'''''
 +
*'''''Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)'''''
 +
*'''''Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate'''''
 +
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in pigs?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes'''''
 +
*'''''Stomach ulcers'''''
 +
*'''''Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver'''''
 +
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in cattle?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes'''''
 +
*'''''Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum'''''
 +
*'''''Can contaminate the placenta'''''
 +
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
 +
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
 +
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}

Revision as of 13:44, 18 August 2010

Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS


Adiaspiromycosis

Question Answer Article
What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?
  • Non-contageous
  • Pulmonary mycosis
  • Respiratory infection
 Link to Answer Article
Which animals are mostly affected?
  • Rodents
  • Small animals
 Link to Answer Article


Aspergillosis

Question Answer Article
Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections Aspergiollosis is found worldwide. It is widely present in nature and can colonise a wide range of substrates under different environmental conditions. It is abundant in hay, straw and grain which have heated during storage. Link to Answer Article
What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?
  • Diarrhoea
  • Listlessness
  • Pyrexia
  • Loss of appetite
  • Loss of condition
  • Convulsions
  • Death
 Link to Answer Article
What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?
  • Up to 2mm in diameter
  • Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre
  • Miliary lesions in acute infections
  • Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections
 Link to Answer Article
What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?
  • Gutteral pouch mycosis
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)
  • Mycotic abortion
 Link to Answer Article
What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
  • White colonies initially
  • Colonies turn green and then dark green
  • Flat and velvety
  • Colony colour varies with species
 Link to Answer Article
How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?
  • Surgery
  • Antifungal drugs
    • Ketoconazole
    • Nystatin
    • Amphotericin B
    • 5-fluorocytosine
    • Thiabendazole
 Link to Answer Article


Blastomycosis

Question Answer Article
Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?
  • Respiratory infection
  • Lesions start in the lungs
  • Haematogenous dissemination
  • Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia
  • Fatal if not treated
  • Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules
 Link to Answer Article
What do colonies look like on Blood agar?
  • Cream coloured
  • Waxy
  • Crinkled
 Link to Answer Article
What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
  • Grey coloured
  • Moist
  • White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black
 Link to Answer Article
How would you diagnose an infection?
  • Clinical signs
  • Complement fixation test
  • ELISA
  • Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
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How would you treat an infection?
  • Amphotericin B
  • Imidazoles
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Coccidioidomycosis

Question Answer Article
What environmental conditions does Coccidioides immitis prefer?
  • Arid
  • Dusty
  • E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA
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Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?
  • Respiratory infection
  • Causes localised nodules and granulomas
  • Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs
  • Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones
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How would you diagnose an infection?
  • Clinical signs
  • Complement fixation test
  • Latex agglutination
  • Immunodiffusion
  • A positive skin test indicates exposure
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Entomophthoromycisus

Question Answer Article
What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?
  • Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue
  • Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes
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How would you treat an infection?
  • Surgical excision
  • Amphotericin B
  • Ketoconazole
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Histoplasmosis

Question Answer Article
True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores
  • False
  • Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory
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Which organs/bodily systems are affected?
  • Reticuloendothelial
  • Pulmonary
  • Intestinal
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Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?
  • Macrophages
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How would you diagnose an infection?
  • Clinical signs
  • Complement fixation test
  • Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion
  • Immunodiffusion
  • A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)
 Link to Answer Article
How would you treat an infection?
  • Amphotericin B
  • If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given
  • In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor
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Zygomycosis

Question Answer Article
Which fungi cause zygomycosis?
  • Mucor
  • Absidia
  • Rhizopus
  • Mortierella
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Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?
  • Infection is through inhalation and ingestion
  • Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected
  • Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous
  • Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers
  • Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)
  • Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate
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Where do lesions occur in pigs?
  • Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes
  • Stomach ulcers
  • Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver
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Where do lesions occur in cattle?
  • Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes
  • Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum
  • Can contaminate the placenta
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True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants
  • True
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How would you treat an infection
  • Amphotericin B
  • Surgical excision
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