Difference between revisions of "Systemic Mycoses - Flashcards"

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−
==<font color="black">Adiaspiromycosis</font>==
+
{{toplink
 +
|linkpage =Systemic Mycoses
 +
|linktext =SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
 +
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
 +
|subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
 +
|pagetype =Bugs
 +
}}
 +
==<font color="purple">Adiaspiromycosis</font>==
 
<FlashCard questions="2">
 
<FlashCard questions="2">
 
|q1=What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?
 
|q1=What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?
Line 12: Line 19:
 
*Small animals
 
*Small animals
 
|l2=Adiaspiromycosis
 
|l2=Adiaspiromycosis
−
</FlashCard>
 
−
<br>
 
  
−
==<font color="black">Aspergillosis</font>==
+
 
−
<FlashCard questions="6">
 
−
|q1=<small>Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections:
 
−
<br />Aspergiollosis is found _____. It is widely present in _____ and can colonise a _____ range of substrates under _____ environmental conditions. It is abundant in ______ and ______ which have ______ during storage.
 
−
|a1=Aspergiollosis is found worldwide. It is widely present in nature and can colonise a wide range of substrates under  different> environmental conditions. It is abundant in hay, straw and grain which have heated during storage.
 
−
|l1=Aspergillosis
 
−
|q2=What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?
 
−
|a2=
 
−
*Diarrhoea
 
−
*Listlessness
 
−
*Pyrexia
 
−
*Loss of appetite
 
−
*Loss of condition
 
−
*Convulsions
 
−
*Death
 
−
|l2=Aspergillosis
 
−
|q3=What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?
 
−
|a3=
 
−
*Up to 2mm in diameter
 
−
*Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre
 
−
*Miliary lesions in acute infections
 
−
*Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections
 
−
|l3=Aspergillosis
 
−
|q4=What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?
 
−
|a4=
 
−
*Gutteral pouch mycosis
 
−
*Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)
 
−
*Mycotic abortion
 
−
|l4=Aspergillosis
 
−
|q5=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
 
−
|a5=
 
−
*White colonies initially
 
−
*Colonies turn green and then dark green
 
−
*Flat and velvety
 
−
*Colony colour varies with species
 
−
|l5=Aspergillosis
 
−
|q6=How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?
 
−
|a6=
 
−
*Surgery
 
−
*Antifungal drugs
 
−
*Ketoconazole
 
−
*Nystatin
 
−
*Amphotericin B
 
−
*5-fluorocytosine
 
−
*Thiabendazole
 
−
|l6=Aspergillosis
 
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Blastomycosis</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Aspergillosis</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="5">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Respiratory infection
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Lesions start in the lungs
+
|-
−
*Haematogenous dissemination
+
|<big>'''Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections'''
−
*Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia
+
||<big>Aspergiollosis is found <font color="white">'''''worldwide'''''</font>. It is widely present in <font color="white">'''''nature'''''</font> and can colonise a <font color="white">'''''wide'''''</font> range of substrates under <font color="white">'''''different'''''</font> environmental conditions. It is abundant in <font color="white">'''''hay, straw'''''</font> and <font color="white">'''''grain'''''</font> which have <font color="white">'''''heated'''''</font> during storage.
−
*Fatal if not treated
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules
+
|-
−
|l1=Blastomycosis
+
|<big>'''What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?'''
−
|q2=What do colonies look like on Blood agar?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Diarrhoea'''''
−
*Cream coloured
+
*'''''Listlessness'''''
−
*Waxy
+
*'''''Pyrexia'''''
−
*Crinkled
+
*'''''Loss of appetite'''''
−
|l2=Blastomycosis
+
*'''''Loss of condition'''''
−
|q3=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
+
*'''''Convulsions'''''
−
|a3=
+
*'''''Death'''''
−
*Grey coloured
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Moist
+
|-
−
*White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black
+
|<big>'''What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?'''
−
|l3=Blastomycosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q4=How would you diagnose an infection?
+
*'''''Up to 2mm in diameter'''''
−
|a4=
+
*'''''Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre'''''
−
*Clinical signs
+
*'''''Miliary lesions in acute infections'''''
−
*Complement fixation test
+
*'''''Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections'''''
−
*ELISA
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
+
|-
−
|l4=Blastomycosis
+
|<big>'''What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?'''
−
|q5=How would you treat an infection?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a5=
+
*'''''Gutteral pouch mycosis'''''
−
*Amphotericin B
+
*'''''Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)'''''
−
*Imidazoles
+
*'''''Mycotic abortion'''''
−
|l5=Blastomycosis
+
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
</FlashCard>
+
|-
 +
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''White colonies initially'''''
 +
*'''''Colonies turn green and then dark green'''''
 +
*'''''Flat and velvety'''''
 +
*'''''Colony colour varies with species'''''
 +
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Surgery'''''
 +
*'''''Antifungal drugs'''''
 +
**'''''Ketoconazole'''''
 +
**'''''Nystatin'''''
 +
**'''''Amphotericin B'''''
 +
**'''''5-fluorocytosine'''''
 +
**'''''Thiabendazole'''''
 +
||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Coccidioidomycosis</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Blastomycosis</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="3">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Arid
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Dusty
+
|-
−
*E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA
+
|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?'''
−
|l1=Coccidioidomycosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q2=Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?
+
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Lesions start in the lungs'''''
−
*Respiratory infection
+
*'''''Haematogenous dissemination'''''
−
*Causes localised nodules and granulomas
+
*'''''Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia'''''
−
*Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs
+
*'''''Fatal if not treated'''''
−
*Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones
+
*'''''Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules'''''
−
|l2=Coccidioidomycosis
+
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q3=How would you diagnose an infection?
+
|-
−
|a3=
+
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Blood agar?'''
−
*Clinical signs
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Complement fixation test
+
*'''''Cream coloured'''''
−
*Latex agglutination
+
*'''''Waxy'''''
−
*Immunodiffusion
+
*'''''Crinkled'''''
−
*A positive skin test indicates exposure
+
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l3=Coccidioidomycosis
+
|-
−
</FlashCard>
+
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Grey coloured'''''
 +
*'''''Moist'''''
 +
*'''''White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black'''''
 +
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
 +
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
 +
*'''''ELISA'''''
 +
*'''''Counterimmunoelectrophoresis'''''
 +
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
 +
*'''''Imidazoles'''''
 +
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Entomophthoromycisus</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Coccidioidomycosis</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="2">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes
+
|-
−
|l1=Entomophthoromycisus
+
|<big>'''What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?'''
−
|q2=How would you treat an infection?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Arid'''''
−
*Surgical excision
+
*'''''Dusty'''''
−
*Amphotericin B
+
*'''''E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA'''''
−
*Ketoconazole
+
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l2=Entomophthoromycisus
+
|-
−
</FlashCard>
+
|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
 +
*'''''Causes localised nodules and granulomas'''''
 +
*'''''Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs'''''
 +
*'''''Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones'''''
 +
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
 +
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
 +
*'''''Latex agglutination'''''
 +
*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
 +
*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure'''''
 +
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
 
+
==<font color="purple">Entomophthoromycisus</font>==
−
==<font color="black">Histoplasmosis</font>==
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
<FlashCard questions="5">
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|q1=True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores?
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*False
+
|-
−
*Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory
+
|<big>'''What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?'''
−
|l1=Histoplasmosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q2=Which organs/bodily systems are affected?
+
*'''''Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue'''''
−
|a2=
+
*'''''Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes'''''
−
*Reticuloendothelial
+
||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Pulmonary
+
|-
−
*Intestinal
+
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
−
|l2=Histoplasmosis
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|q3=Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?
+
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
−
|a3=
+
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
−
*Macrophages
+
*'''''Ketoconazole'''''
−
|l3=Histoplasmosis
+
||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q4=How would you diagnose an infection?
+
|}
−
|a4=
 
−
*Clinical signs
 
−
*Complement fixation test
 
−
*Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion
 
−
*Immunodiffusion
 
−
*A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)
 
−
|l4=Histoplasmosis
 
−
|q5=How would you treat an infection?
 
−
|a5=
 
−
*Amphotericin B
 
−
*If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given
 
−
*In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor
 
−
|l5=Histoplasmosis
 
−
</FlashCard>
 
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
==<font color="black">Zygomycosis</font>==
+
==<font color="purple">Histoplasmosis</font>==
−
<FlashCard questions="6">
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
−
|q1=Which fungi cause zygomycosis?
+
!width="400"|'''Question'''
−
|a1=
+
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
−
*Mucor
+
!width="150"|'''Article'''
−
*Absidia
+
|-
−
*Rhizopus
+
|<big>'''True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores'''
−
*Mortierella
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|l1=Zygomycosis
+
*'''''False'''''
−
|q2=Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?
+
*'''''Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory'''''
−
|a2=
+
||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*Infection is through inhalation and ingestion
+
|-
−
*Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected
+
|<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are affected?'''
−
*Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers
+
*'''''Reticuloendothelial'''''
−
*Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)
+
*'''''Pulmonary'''''
−
*Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate
+
*'''''Intestinal'''''
−
|l2=Zygomycosis
+
||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|q3=Where do lesions occur in pigs?
+
|-
−
|a3=
+
|<big>'''Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?'''
−
*Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Stomach ulcers
+
*'''''Macrophages'''''
−
*Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver
+
||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
|l3=Zygomycosis
+
|-
−
|q4=Where do lesions occur in cattle?
+
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
−
|a4=
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
*Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes
+
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
−
*Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum
+
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
−
*Can contaminate the placenta
+
*'''''Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion'''''
−
|l4=Zygomycosis
+
*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
−
|q5=True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants?
+
*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)'''''
−
|a5=
+
||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
*True
+
|-
−
|l5=Zygomycosis
+
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
−
|q6=How would you treat an infection?
+
||<font color="white"> <big>
−
|a6=
+
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
−
*Amphotericin B
+
*'''''If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given'''''
−
*Surgical excision
+
*'''''In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor'''''
−
|l6=Zygomycosis
+
||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
−
</FlashCard>
+
|}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
 
+
==<font color="purple">Zygomycosis</font>==
−
[[Category:Systemic Mycoses|Zz]][[Category:Fungi Flashcards]]
+
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 +
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 +
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 +
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Which fungi cause zygomycosis?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mucor'''''
 +
*'''''Absidia'''''
 +
*'''''Rhizopus'''''
 +
*'''''Mortierella'''''
 +
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Infection is through inhalation and ingestion'''''
 +
*'''''Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected'''''
 +
*'''''Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous'''''
 +
*'''''Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers'''''
 +
*'''''Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)'''''
 +
*'''''Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate'''''
 +
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in pigs?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes'''''
 +
*'''''Stomach ulcers'''''
 +
*'''''Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver'''''
 +
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in cattle?'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes'''''
 +
*'''''Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum'''''
 +
*'''''Can contaminate the placenta'''''
 +
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''True'''''
 +
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|-
 +
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection'''
 +
||<font color="white"> <big>
 +
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
 +
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
 +
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 +
|}

Revision as of 14:15, 18 August 2010

Infectious agents and parasitesWikiBugs Banner.png
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS


Adiaspiromycosis

Question Answer Article
What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection? Link to Article
Which animals are mostly affected? [[Adiaspiromycosis |Link to Article]]



Aspergillosis

Question Answer Article
Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections Aspergiollosis is found worldwide. It is widely present in nature and can colonise a wide range of substrates under different environmental conditions. It is abundant in hay, straw and grain which have heated during storage. Link to Answer Article
What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?
  • Diarrhoea
  • Listlessness
  • Pyrexia
  • Loss of appetite
  • Loss of condition
  • Convulsions
  • Death
 Link to Answer Article
What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?
  • Up to 2mm in diameter
  • Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre
  • Miliary lesions in acute infections
  • Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections
 Link to Answer Article
What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?
  • Gutteral pouch mycosis
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)
  • Mycotic abortion
 Link to Answer Article
What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
  • White colonies initially
  • Colonies turn green and then dark green
  • Flat and velvety
  • Colony colour varies with species
 Link to Answer Article
How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?
  • Surgery
  • Antifungal drugs
    • Ketoconazole
    • Nystatin
    • Amphotericin B
    • 5-fluorocytosine
    • Thiabendazole
 Link to Answer Article


Blastomycosis

Question Answer Article
Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?
  • Respiratory infection
  • Lesions start in the lungs
  • Haematogenous dissemination
  • Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia
  • Fatal if not treated
  • Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules
 Link to Answer Article
What do colonies look like on Blood agar?
  • Cream coloured
  • Waxy
  • Crinkled
 Link to Answer Article
What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
  • Grey coloured
  • Moist
  • White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black
 Link to Answer Article
How would you diagnose an infection?
  • Clinical signs
  • Complement fixation test
  • ELISA
  • Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
 Link to Answer Article
How would you treat an infection?
  • Amphotericin B
  • Imidazoles
 Link to Answer Article


Coccidioidomycosis

Question Answer Article
What environmental conditions does Coccidioides immitis prefer?
  • Arid
  • Dusty
  • E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA
 Link to Answer Article
Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?
  • Respiratory infection
  • Causes localised nodules and granulomas
  • Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs
  • Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones
 Link to Answer Article
How would you diagnose an infection?
  • Clinical signs
  • Complement fixation test
  • Latex agglutination
  • Immunodiffusion
  • A positive skin test indicates exposure
 Link to Answer Article


Entomophthoromycisus

Question Answer Article
What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?
  • Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue
  • Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes
 Link to Answer Article
How would you treat an infection?
  • Surgical excision
  • Amphotericin B
  • Ketoconazole
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Histoplasmosis

Question Answer Article
True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores
  • False
  • Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory
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Which organs/bodily systems are affected?
  • Reticuloendothelial
  • Pulmonary
  • Intestinal
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Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?
  • Macrophages
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How would you diagnose an infection?
  • Clinical signs
  • Complement fixation test
  • Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion
  • Immunodiffusion
  • A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)
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How would you treat an infection?
  • Amphotericin B
  • If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given
  • In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor
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Zygomycosis

Question Answer Article
Which fungi cause zygomycosis?
  • Mucor
  • Absidia
  • Rhizopus
  • Mortierella
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Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?
  • Infection is through inhalation and ingestion
  • Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected
  • Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous
  • Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers
  • Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)
  • Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate
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Where do lesions occur in pigs?
  • Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes
  • Stomach ulcers
  • Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver
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Where do lesions occur in cattle?
  • Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes
  • Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum
  • Can contaminate the placenta
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True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants
  • True
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How would you treat an infection
  • Amphotericin B
  • Surgical excision
 Link to Answer Article
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