Difference between revisions of "Soft Palate"

Revision as of 12:42, 31 August 2010

Introduction

The soft palate (velum palatine) is located caudally to the hard palate. It is comprised of muscle and is involved in tasting food and in deglutition.

Soft Palate - Copyright Nottingham 2008

Structure and Function

Muscle

Contacts epiglottis caudally

Very folded mucosa

Striated palatine muscle

Soft Palate Cross-section - Copyright RVC

Musculature and Innervation

Sensation and taste from glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Palatine muscle
- Origin: hard palate transeverse ridges
- Insertion: soft palate
- Shortens palate
- Major innervation from vagus nerve (CN X)
- Minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve (CN IX)

Tensor velli palatini
- Origin: near tympanic bulla on temporal bone
- Insertion: lateral aponeurosis
- Pharyngeal arch 1
- Mandibular of trigeminal (CN V3)
- Tenses soft palate

Soft palate - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota

Levator velli palatini
- Origin: near tympanic bulla on temporal bone
- Insertion: lateral aponeurosis
- Raises soft palate
- Major innervation from vagus nerve (CN X)
- Minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve (CN IX)

Palatopharyngeus
- closes palatopharyngeal arch and therefore lift soft palate
- Major innervation from vagus nerve (CN X)
- Minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve (CN IX)

Histology

Soft Palate (Mouse) - Copyright RVC 2008

Respiratory mucosa - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium on aboral surface

Stratified squamous epithelium on oral surface

Palatine salivary glands

Species Differences

Porcine

Soft palate does not contact the epiglottis as the porcine soft palate is raised higher in the oral cavity than in other species

Equine

Tight laryngeal cuff around the laryngeal entrance therefore the soft palate cannot be raised for long periods of time and thus horses are nasal breathers

Laryngeal cuffing prevents vomiting

Canine

As brachiocephalic breeds have a shortened skull length, the soft palate often obstruct air flow into the larynx causing breathing difficulties

Avian

Birds lack a soft palate

Test yourself with the Soft Palate & Facial Muscle flashcards

Soft Palate Flashcards

Facial Muscle Flashcards

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+{{toplink
+|linkpage =Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology
+|linktext =Alimentary System
+|maplink =
+}}
+<br>
 ==Introduction==
-The soft palate (velum palatine) is located caudally to the [[Hard Palate|hard palate]] and is composed of muscle. It is involved in tasting food and in [[deglutition]].
+The soft palate (velum palatine) is located caudally to the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]]. It is comprised of muscle and is involved in tasting food and in [[deglutition]].
-[[Image:Hard and Soft Palate Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Soft Palate - Copyright University of Nottingham 2008]]
+[[Image:Hard and Soft Palate Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Soft Palate - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
 ==Structure and Function==
-The soft palate is made of striated palatine muscle and has very folded mucosa. It contacts the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] caudally.
+*Muscle
+*Contacts [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]] caudally
-[[Image:Soft Palate XS.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Soft Palate Cross-section - Copyright RVC]]
+*Very folded mucosa
+*Striated palatine muscle
+[[Image:Soft Palate XS.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Soft Palate Cross-section - Copyright RVC]]
 ==Musculature and Innervation==
-The soft palate transmits sensation and taste via the glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) nerve.
+*Sensation and taste from glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]])
-===Palatine muscle===
+*Palatine muscle
-The origin of the palatine muscle is the hard palate transeverse ridges and the insertion site is the soft palate. The muscle shortens the palate and recieves major innervation from the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) and minor innervation from the glossopgaryngeal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]).
+**Origin: hard palate transeverse ridges
+**Insertion: soft palate
+**Shortens palate
+**Major innervation from vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]])
+**Minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]])
-===Tensor velli palatini muscle===
+*Tensor velli palatini
-The origin of the tensor velli palatini muscle is  near the tympanic bulla on the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Temporal Bone (os temporale)|temporal bone]]. The insertion site is the lateral aponeurosis. It tenses the soft palate.
+**Origin: near tympanic bulla on [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Temporal Bone (os temporale)|temporal bone]]
-[[Image:Pharynx Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Soft palate - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]]
+**Insertion: lateral aponeurosis
+**Pharyngeal arch 1
+**Mandibular of trigeminal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V3]])
+**Tenses soft palate
+[[Image:Pharynx Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Soft palate - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]]
+*Levator velli palatini
+**Origin: near tympanic bulla on [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Temporal Bone (os temporale)|temporal bone]]
+**Insertion: lateral aponeurosis
+**Raises soft palate
+**Major innervation from vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]])
+**Minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]])
-===Levator velli palatini muscle===
+*Palatopharyngeus
-The origin of the levator velli palatini muscle is near the tympanic bulla on the temporal bone. The insertion site is the lateral aponeurosis. It raises the soft palate and recieves major innervation from the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) and minor from the glossopgaryngeal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]).
+**closes palatopharyngeal arch and therefore lift soft palate
+**Major innervation from vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]])
+**Minor from glossopgaryngeal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]])
-===Palatopharyngeus muscle===
+==Histology==
-The palatopharyngeus muscle closes the palatopharyngeal arch, and therefore lifts the soft palate. It recieves major innervation from the vagus nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]) and minor innervation from the glossopgaryngeal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]).
-==Histology==
+[[Image:Soft Palate Mouse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Soft Palate (Mouse) - Copyright RVC 2008]]
-[[Image:Soft Palate Mouse.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Soft Palate (Mouse) - Copyright RVC 2008]]
+*Respiratory mucosa - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium on aboral surface
-The soft palate contains respiratory mucosa - '''ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium''' on the aboral surface. There is '''stratified squamous epithelium''' on the oral surface. The soft palate also contains [[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|palatine]] salivary glands.
+*Stratified squamous epithelium on oral surface
+*[[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]] salivary glands
 ==Species Differences==
 ===Porcine===
-The soft palate does not contact the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] as the porcine soft palate is raised higher in the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity ]] than in other species.
+*Soft palate does not contact the [[Epiglottis|epiglottis]] as the porcine soft palate is raised higher in the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity ]] than in other species
 ===Equine===
-The tight laryngeal cuff around the laryngeal entrance, and therefore the soft palate cannot be raised for long periods of time and thus horses are nasal breathers. Laryngeal cuffing prevents [[Vomiting|vomiting]].
+*Tight laryngeal cuff around the laryngeal entrance therefore the soft palate cannot be raised for long periods of time and thus horses are nasal breathers
+*Laryngeal cuffing prevents [[control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]]
 ===Canine===
-As brachiocephalic breeds have a shortened skull length, the soft palate can often obstruct air flow into the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] causing breathing difficulties.
+*As brachiocephalic breeds have a shortened skull length, the soft palate often obstruct air flow into the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]] causing breathing difficulties
 ===Avian===
-Birds lack a soft palate.
+*Birds lack a soft palate
+==Test yourself with the Soft Palate & Facial Muscle flashcards==
+[[Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#Soft Palate Flashcards|Soft Palate Flashcards]]
+[[Facial_Muscles_-_Musculoskeletal_-_Flashcards|Facial Muscle Flashcards]]
-{{Learning
-|flashcards= [[Soft Palate Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]<br>[[Facial_Muscles_-_Musculoskeletal_-_Flashcards|Facial muscle]]
-|powerpoints= [[Oral Cavity Histology resource|Histology of the oral cavity - part 1 features the soft palate]]
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00954.asp Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome]
-[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Technique/teq00674.asp Cleft Palate Repair]
-[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Freeform/fre00744.asp Radiology of Upper Airways]
-[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Freeform/fre00616.asp Soft Palate Elongated]
-[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Technique/teq00653.asp Soft Palate Resection]
-}}
-==Webinars==
-<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
-[[Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology]]
+[[Category:Alimentary System]]