Difference between revisions of "Salivary Glands Overview - Anatomy & Physiology"

Revision as of 16:54, 4 September 2010

Introduction

The oral cavity is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates mastication by lubricating the passage of the bolus.

Salivary gands are present in the cheek, tongue, lips, oesophagus, soft palate and pharynx but the major salivary glands are located further away from the oral cavity and function through connective ducts.

Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the teeth and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions.

Salivary glands can produce a serous secretion, a mucous secretion or both.

Types of Salivary Glands

Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008

Major Salivary Glands

Parotid (glandula parotis)

Mandibular (glandula mandibularis)

Sublingual (glandula sublinguales)

Zygomatic (glandula zygomatica)

Minor Salivary Glands

Labial

Lingual

Buccal

Palatine

Salivary Glands Labelled (Dog) - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota

Innervation

Sympathetic
- Vasoconstriction occurs
- Flow of saliva is decreased

Parasympathetic (most important)
- Travel from the brainstem by the facial (CN VII) and glossopharyngeal (CN XI) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- Flow of salivary fluid increases
- Vasodilation occurs

Main nerves are occulomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X)

Saliva

Mainly water

Amylase for carbohydrate digestion

Salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate

Mucin

Electrolytes

Antimicrobial agents

Lingual lipase

Species Differences

Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy

Equine

Produce up to 40L per day

Bovine

Produce 110-180L per day

Porcine

Produce up tp 15L per day

Test yourself with the Salivary Glands flashcards

Salivary Glands Flashcards

Links

Salivary Glands Pathology

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-{{OpenPagesTop}}
 ==Introduction==
-[[File:Salivary glands.jpg|500px|right|thumb|Dog salivary glands]]
-The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus.
-Salivary glands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts.
+The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands.  The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus.
-Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions. Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both.
+Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts.
+Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions.
+Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both.
 ==Types of Salivary Glands==
+[[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
+===Major Salivary Glands===
+*[[Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parotid]] (glandula parotis)
-===Major Salivary Glands===
+*[[Mandibular Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis)
+*[[Sublingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales)
-[[Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parotid]] (glandula parotis), [[Mandibular Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis), [[Sublingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales) and [[Zygomatic Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica).
+*[[Zygomatic Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica)
 ===Minor Salivary Glands===
-[[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]], [[Lingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Lingual]], [[Buccal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Buccal]] and [[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]].
+*[[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]]
+*[[Lingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Lingual]]
+*[[Buccal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Buccal]]
+*[[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]]
+[[Image:Salivary Glands Dog.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Salivary Glands Labelled (Dog) - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]]
 ==Innervation==
-The salivary glands are innervated by '''sympathetic'''- Vasoconstriction occurs and the flow of saliva is decreased.
+*Sympathetic
+**Vasoconstriction occurs
+**Flow of saliva is decreased
-The salivary glands are also innervated by '''parasympathetic''' (most important)- They travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]]). The flow of salivary fluid increases and vasodilation occurs.
+*Parasympathetic (most important)
+**Travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN XI]]) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]])
+**Flow of salivary fluid increases
+**Vasodilation occurs
-The main nerves are the '''occulomotor''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), '''facial''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]), '''glossopharyngeal''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) and '''vagus''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]).
+*Main nerves are occulomotor ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]), glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) and vagus ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]])
 ==Saliva==
-Saliva is mainly water and contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate, mucin, electrolytes, antimicrobial agents and lingual lipase.
+*Mainly water
+*Amylase for carbohydrate digestion
+*Salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate
+*Mucin
+*Electrolytes
+*Antimicrobial agents
+*Lingual lipase
 ==Species Differences==
-[[Image:Salivary Glands of Different Species.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy]]
+[[Image:Salivary Glands of Different Species.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy]]
 ===Equine===
-Produce up to 40L per day.
+*Produce up to 40L per day
 ===Bovine===
-Produce 110-180L per day.
+*Produce 110-180L per day
 ===Porcine===
-Produce up to 15L per day.
+*Produce up tp 15L per day
+==Test yourself with the Salivary Glands flashcards==
+[[Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#Salivary Glands Flashcards|Salivary Glands Flashcards]]
 ==Links==
-'''Click here for information on [[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]]'''
+[[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]]
-{{Template:Learning
-|flashcards= [[Salivary Gland Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
-|powerpoints= [[Oral Cavity Histology resource|Oral Cavity Histology, see part 2 for salivary glands]]
-|dragster = [[Oral Cavity Histology Resource (II)|Salivary Glands Histology Activity]]
-|videos = [[Video: Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast|Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast]]<br>[[Video: Lateral surface and sagittal section of the head of a sheep|Lateral surface and sagittal section of the head of a sheep]]<br>[[Video: Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 4|Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 4]]<br>[[Video: Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 6|Lateral surface of the head of the dog potcast 6]]
-|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=salivary Salivary Gland diseases]
-}}
-==Webinars==
-<rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss>
 [[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]]
-[[Category:A&P Done]]