Difference between revisions of "Liver Flashcards - Pathology"

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{{toplink
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<FlashCard questions="20">
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|backcolour =BCED91
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|q1=Liver lesions are common because:
−
|linkpage =Alimentary System - Pathology
+
|a1=Liver is an area of high metabolic activity<br>Receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system<br>Has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease)
−
|linktext =Alimentary System
+
|l1=Liver - General Pathology
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|maplink = Alimentary System (Content Map) - Pathology
+
|q2=In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
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|pagetype =Pathology
+
* Haemolytic
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|subtext1=ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS
+
* Obstructive
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|sublink1=Alimentary Flashcards - Pathology
+
* Hepatocellular
−
}}
+
|a2=Haemolytic NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated<br>Obstructive YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates<br>Hepatocellular NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage<br>NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate
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<br>
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|l2=Icterus
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==Introduction==
+
|q3=In regard to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants?
 +
|a3=''Senecio jacobea'' (Ragwort)<br>''Lantana camara'' (Lantana)<br>''Lupinus angustifolius'' (Lupins)<br>Blue-green algae
 +
|l3=Photosensitisation
 +
|q4=What are two causes of necrosis?
 +
|a4=Severe metabolic disturbances<br>Nutritional deficiencies<br>Toxic substances<br>Actions of micro-organisms
 +
|l4=Liver Necrosis
 +
|q5=What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem?
 +
|a5=Bacteria degrade blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide
 +
|l5=Liver Post Mortem#Gross
 +
|q6=True or false?
 +
Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common.
 +
|a6=False
 +
|l6=Liver Displacement
 +
|q7=What occurs during congestion?
 +
|a7=The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver.
 +
|l7=Liver Congestion, Passive
 +
|q8=True or false?
 +
Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver.
 +
|a8=False
 +
|l8=Liver Pigmentation#Congenital melanosis
 +
|q9=Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with?
 +
|a9=Dietary factors: obesity and starvation<br>Increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states<br>Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions<br>Abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood
 +
|l9=Hepatic Lipidosis
 +
|q10=What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy?
 +
|a10=It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days.
 +
|l10=Hepatic Lipidosis#Gross
 +
|q11=True or false?
 +
Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week.
 +
|a11=True
 +
|l11=Hyperlipidaemia - Horse
 +
|q12=What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself?
 +
|a12=Due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes<br>Manifest themselves as neurological disease
 +
|l12=Lysosomal Storage Disease
 +
|q13=Herpes virus infections include:
 +
|a13=Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis<br>Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Aujesky's disease in pigs
 +
|l13=:Category:Hepatitis, Viral
 +
|q14=You are examining a cow's liver at necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease?
 +
|a14=Black Disease
 +
|l14=Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis
 +
|q15=What are the two main types of hepatitis in cats?
 +
|a15=Cholangitis<br>Lymphocytic portal hepatitis
 +
|l15=Cholangitis
 +
|q16=True or false?
 +
Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. 
 +
|a16=False
 +
|l16=Liver Necrosis#Zonal Necrosis 
 +
|q17=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed -
 +
|a17=(Hepato)megalocytosis
 +
|l17=Ragwort Toxicity
 +
|q18=Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites?
 +
|a18=Spleen<br>Right auricle of the heart
 +
|l18=Haemangiosarcoma
 +
|q19=True or false?
 +
Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats.
 +
|a19=False
 +
|l19=Cholangitis
 +
|q20=What are two causes of cholangitis of the liver?
 +
|a20=Ascending infections from the intestine<br>Associated with organisms excreted via the bile
 +
|l20=Cholangitis
 +
</FlashCard>
  
−
*This Page contains Flashcards for the pathology of the [[Liver|Liver]]
+
[[Category:Alimentary Pathology Flashcards]]
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+
[[Category:Liver - Pathology]]
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*In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
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[[Category:Liver and Gall Bladder Flashcards]]
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[[Category:Nicola Parry reviewing]]
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*The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.
 
−
 
 
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*Internet explorer is different - you'll have to guess where the underline should be!
 
−
 
 
−
==Flashcards==
 
−
 
 
−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
 
−
!width="400"|'''Question'''
 
−
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
 
−
!width="150"|'''Article'''
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Liver lesions are common because:
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''it is an area of high metabolic activity'''''
 
−
*'''''receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system'''''
 
−
*'''''has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease)'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - general pathology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
 
−
* '''haemolytic
 
−
* '''obstructive
 
−
* '''hepatocellular
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated'''''
 
−
*'''''YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates'''''
 
−
*'''''NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage'''''
 
−
*'''''NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - general pathology#Jaundice (Icterus)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Senecio jacobea (Ragwort)'''''
 
−
*'''''Lantana camara (Lantana)'''''
 
−
*'''''Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins)'''''
 
−
*'''''Blue-green algae'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - general pathology#secondary photosensitisation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are two causes of necrosis?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''severe metabolic disturbances'''''
 
−
*'''''nutritional deficiencies'''''
 
−
*'''''toxic substances'''''
 
−
*'''''actions of micro-organisms'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - general pathology#Necrosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - post mortem#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''True or false?
 
−
'''Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common.
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''false'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - developmental#Displacement|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What occurs during Congestion?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver.
 
−
||[[Liver - circulatory disturbances#Passive congestion|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''True or false?
 
−
'''Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver.
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''false'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - pigmentation#Congenital melanosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with -
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''dietary factors: obesity and starvation '''''
 
−
*'''''increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states '''''
 
−
*'''''Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions '''''
 
−
*'''''abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood '''''
 
−
||[[Liver - degenerative#Hepatic lipidosis - fatty liver syndrome|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days.
 
−
||[[Liver - degenerative#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''True or false?
 
−
'''Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week.
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''true'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - degenerative#Equine hyperlipidemia|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes'''''
 
−
*'''''manifest themselves as neurological disease '''''
 
−
||[[Liver - storage diseases#Lysosomal storage diseases|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Herpes virus infections include -
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
 
−
*'''''Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis'''''
 
−
*'''''Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
 
−
*'''''Aujesky's disease in pigs '''''
 
−
||[[Liver - inflammatory#Herpes virus infections|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy.  You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis.  Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''Black Disease'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - inflammatory#Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Black Disease)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''cholangiohepatitis'''''
 
−
*'''''Lymphocytic portal hepatitis'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - inflammatory#Hepatitis in cats|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''True or false?
 
−
'''Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. 
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''false'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - toxic#Acute hepatoxicity|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed -
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''megalocytosis'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - toxic#Ragwort|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''liver cell tumours'''''
 
−
*'''''malignant bile duct tumours '''''
 
−
||[[Liver - proliferative#Primary tumours|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''spleen'''''
 
−
*'''''right auricle of the heart'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - proliferative#Haemangiosarcoma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''True or false?
 
−
'''Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats.
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''false'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - unknown aetiology#Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 
−
 
 
−
|-
 
−
|<big>'''What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver?
 
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
 
−
*'''''ascending infections from the intestine'''''
 
−
*'''''associated with organisms excreted via the bile'''''
 
−
||[[Liver - biliary tract#Cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
 
−
|-
 

Latest revision as of 21:46, 13 April 2015

Question Answer Article
Liver lesions are common because: Link to Article
In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
  • Haemolytic
  • Obstructive
  • Hepatocellular
 Link to Article
In regard to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants? Link to Article
What are two causes of necrosis? Link to Article
What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem? Link to Article
True or false?

Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common.

Link to Article
What occurs during congestion? Link to Article
True or false?

Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver.

Link to Article
Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with? Link to Article
What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy? Link to Article
True or false?

Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week.

Link to Article
What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself? Link to Article
Herpes virus infections include: Link to Article
You are examining a cow's liver at necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease? Link to Article
What are the two main types of hepatitis in cats? Link to Article
True or false?

Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis.

Link to Article
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed - Link to Article
Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites? Link to Article
True or false?

Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats.

Link to Article
What are two causes of cholangitis of the liver? Link to Article


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