Difference between revisions of "Category:Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxaemic Clostridia"

 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 12: Line 12:
  
  
 
+
<big>'''''<ncl style=bullet maxdepth=4 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:{{PAGENAME}}</ncl></big>
 
 
 
 
===''[[Clostridium perfringens type B]]===
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
===''C. perfringens'' type C===
 
 
 
*Acute enterotoxaemia in adult sheep, 'struck'
 
*Sudden death or terminal convulsions in sheep at pasture
 
*Beta toxin (lethal, necrotising) plays major role in pathogenesis of the disease - increases intestinal and capillary permeability
 
*Also alpha toxin (lecithinase)
 
*Post mortem: jejunal ulceration; hyperaemia in small intestine; fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity; congestion of peritoneal vessels; petechial haemorrhages
 
*Haemorrhagic enteritis in piglets
 
**Peracute enterotoxaemia often of entire litter with mortality rates 80%
 
**Infection from sow's faeces
 
**Death within 24 hours in young piglets
 
**Chronic disease in older piglets
 
**Dullness, anorexia, bloody faeces, perianal hyperaemia
 
**Post mortem: necrosis of terminal small intestinal mucosa, caecum and colon and blood-stained contents; serosanguinous fluid in pleural and peritoneal cavities
 
*Necrotic enteritis in chickens:
 
**Broilers under 12 weeks
 
**Acute enterotoxaemia, sudden onset and high mortality
 
**Necrosis of small intestine
 
**Predisposing factors include diet changes, coccidial infection and intestinal hypomotility
 
*Acute enterotoxaemia with haemorrhagic enteritis in calves, lambs, foals, goats
 
*[[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In cattle|Peritonitis in cattle]] - sudden death in feedlot cattle
 
 
 
 
 
===''C. perfringens'' type D===
 
 
 
*[[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Pulpy kidney disease]] in well-fed 3-10 week-old lambs
 
*Follows overeating high grain diet or luchious pasture
 
*Starch from partially digested food enterering the intestine from the rumen allows rapid clostridial proliferation
 
*Epsilon toxin activated by proteolytic enzymes causes toxaemia
 
*Epsilon toxin increases intestinal and capillary permeability; also alpha toxin
 
*Lambs found dead or with opisthotonos, convulsions, coma in acute phases
 
*Blindness and head pressing in subacute disease; bloat in later stages
 
*Hyperglycaemia, glycosuria
 
*Post mortem: hyperaemia in intestine; fluid in pericardial sac; kidney autolysis with pulpy cortical softening (acute death)
 
*Subacute death causes symmetrical encephalomalacia and haemorrhage in basal ganglia and midbrain
 
*Enterotoxaemia in kids and adult goats
 
 
 
 
 
===''C. perfringens'' type E===
 
 
 
*Enteritis in rabbits, haemorrhagic enteritis in calves
 
*ALpha and iota toxins
 
 
 
  
 
===Treatment and control of enterotoxaemic infections===
 
===Treatment and control of enterotoxaemic infections===
Line 69: Line 20:
 
*Vaccination of lambs with toxoid before 2 months of age to protect against pulpy kidney
 
*Vaccination of lambs with toxoid before 2 months of age to protect against pulpy kidney
 
*Avoid sudden dietary changes
 
*Avoid sudden dietary changes
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
[[Category:Clostridium_species]]
 
[[Category:Clostridium_species]]
 +
[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

Latest revision as of 10:35, 25 June 2010

  • General:
    • Clostridium perfringens types B, C and D
    • Found in soil, feaces and intestinal tract
    • Survive in soil as spores
    • Husbandry, changes in diet and environment predispose to proliferation in the intestine
    • Abrupt changes to rich diets and intestinal hypomotility due to overeating
  • Pathogenesis and pathogenicity:
    • Clostridial replication and overgrowth in the interstinal tract of sheep
    • Production of potent exotoxins which cause local and systemic effects of enterotoxaemia
    • Type of toxins produced determine clinical syndrome
    • Haemolysins, collagenases and hyaluronidases also produced


<ncl style=bullet maxdepth=4 headings=bullet headstart=2 showcats=1 showarts=1>Category:Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxaemic Clostridia</ncl>

Treatment and control of enterotoxaemic infections

  • Hyperimmune serum
  • Vaccination - vaccinate ewes with toxoid 6 weeks before lambing to allow passive protection of lambs
  • Vaccination of lambs with toxoid before 2 months of age to protect against pulpy kidney
  • Avoid sudden dietary changes

Pages in category "Enteropathogenic and Enterotoxaemic Clostridia"

The following 5 pages are in this category, out of 5 total.