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Line 141: − − ==''Theileria''== − [[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]] − *Main species of veterinary importance is ''Theileria parva'' − **Causes '''East Coast Fever''' − ***Severe, proliferative lymphatic disease of cattle − ***Central and Eastern Africa − ***Transmitted by [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']] − ***[[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Disease Transmission|Trans-stadial]] transmission − − *Other ''Theileria'' species causes production losses in cattle and sheep in the Middle East, Mediterranean and in Northern Africa − − '''Life Cycle''' − *Incubation phase lasts 1 week − − *Lymphoblast proliferation − **Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] first infected then spreads through body − **Occurs in week two − − *Lymphoid depletion − **[[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|Lymphocytes]] killed − **Decreases lymphopoiesis − **Occurs in week 3 − − *Total incubation period takes about 18 days − − '''Diagnosis''' − *Clinical signs − **Pyrexia − **Enlarged local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] − ***Usually parotid [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] as [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']] feeds in the ear − **Loss of condition − − *Examine Giemsa stained smears of: − **Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] aspirated for schizonts − **Blood smears for pioplasms in red blood cells − − *Post-mortem − **Pulmonary oedema − **Gut mucosal haemorrhages − **[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph node]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] cellular atrophy − − '''Control''' − *Integrated control of both the [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] and vector − **[[Vaccines - WikiBlood|Vaccination]] and [[ectoparasiticides]] − − *Current [[Vaccines - WikiBlood|vaccination]] is live unattentuated − **Contains frozen stabilate of ground up tick gut containing infective sporozoites − **Long lasting oxytetracycline administered at the same time to slow down schizogony giving the immune response time to develop Line 242:
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no edit summary
*'''Lower''' incidence of disease
*'''Lower''' incidence of disease
==''Cytauxzoon felis''==
==''Cytauxzoon felis''==
*Differential diagnosis for the tissue phase of ''cytauxzoonosis'' includes other small (less than 5 μm), intrahistiocytic organisms such as ''Toxoplasma'', ''Leishmania'' and ''Histoplasma''
*Differential diagnosis for the tissue phase of ''cytauxzoonosis'' includes other small (less than 5 μm), intrahistiocytic organisms such as ''Toxoplasma'', ''Leishmania'' and ''Histoplasma''
==''Theileria''==
[[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
*Main species of veterinary importance is ''Theileria parva''
**Causes '''East Coast Fever'''
***Severe, proliferative lymphatic disease of cattle
***Central and Eastern Africa
***Transmitted by [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']]
***[[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Disease Transmission|Trans-stadial]] transmission
*Other ''Theileria'' species causes production losses in cattle and sheep in the Middle East, Mediterranean and in Northern Africa
'''Life Cycle'''
*Incubation phase lasts 1 week
*Lymphoblast proliferation
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] first infected then spreads through body
**Occurs in week two
*Lymphoid depletion
**[[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood|Lymphocytes]] killed
**Decreases lymphopoiesis
**Occurs in week 3
*Total incubation period takes about 18 days
'''Diagnosis'''
*Clinical signs
**Pyrexia
**Enlarged local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]]
***Usually parotid [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] as [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks#Ticks of Veterinary Importance|''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'']] feeds in the ear
**Loss of condition
*Examine Giemsa stained smears of:
**Local [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph node]] aspirated for schizonts
**Blood smears for pioplasms in red blood cells
*Post-mortem
**Pulmonary oedema
**Gut mucosal haemorrhages
**[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|Lymph node]] and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] cellular atrophy
'''Control'''
*Integrated control of both the [[Suborder: Metastigmata, ticks|tick]] and vector
**[[Vaccines - WikiBlood|Vaccination]] and [[ectoparasiticides]]
*Current [[Vaccines - WikiBlood|vaccination]] is live unattentuated
**Contains frozen stabilate of ground up tick gut containing infective sporozoites
**Long lasting oxytetracycline administered at the same time to slow down schizogony giving the immune response time to develop