221 bytes added ,  14:44, 4 June 2011
no edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:  
{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
|name              = Theileria spp
+
|name              = ''Theileria'' spp
 
|kingdom            = Protista
 
|kingdom            = Protista
 
|sub-kingdom        =
 
|sub-kingdom        =
|phylum            =Protozoa
+
|phylum            = [[:Category:Protozoa|Protozoa]]
 
|super-class        =
 
|super-class        =
 
|class              =
 
|class              =
Line 14: Line 14:  
|sub-family        =  
 
|sub-family        =  
 
|genus              = Theileria
 
|genus              = Theileria
|species            = Theileria parva and others
+
|species            = ''Theileria parva'' and others
 
}}
 
}}
   
==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
 +
[[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
 +
[[Image:Lymph node smear East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lymph node smear of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
 +
[[Image:H and E stain brain East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|200px|H and E stain of brain and meningeal vessels of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
 
''Theileria'' species are a group of '''[[Protozoa | protozoan]]''' pathogens causing severe '''lymphatic proliferative disease''' in cattle.
 
''Theileria'' species are a group of '''[[Protozoa | protozoan]]''' pathogens causing severe '''lymphatic proliferative disease''' in cattle.
   Line 25: Line 27:     
==Lifecycle==
 
==Lifecycle==
[[Image:Theileria parva life cycle.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Theileria parva'' Life Cycle Diagram - Dennis Jacobs & Mark Fox RVC]]
+
''Theileria'' are transmitted via the [[Haemaphysalis spp.|''Haemaphysalis'']] and [[Rhipicephalus spp.|''Rhipicephalus'']] and [[Dermacentor spp.|''Dermacentor'']] species of '''[[Ticks|tick]] vectors'''.
''Theileria'' are transmitted via the ''Haemaphysalis'' and ''Rhipicephalus'' and ''Dermacentor'' species of '''[[Ticks | tick]] vectors'''.
   
   
 
   
 
'''Sporozoites''' enter '''mononuclear''' cells of the host and develop into '''trophozoites''' and multinucleate '''schizonts''' by '''asexual''' reproduction. This process stimulates proliferation of the host cells, allowing further multiplication of the parasite. The local '''[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]]''' are first infected.
 
'''Sporozoites''' enter '''mononuclear''' cells of the host and develop into '''trophozoites''' and multinucleate '''schizonts''' by '''asexual''' reproduction. This process stimulates proliferation of the host cells, allowing further multiplication of the parasite. The local '''[[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]]''' are first infected.
   −
Schizonts then '''disseminate''' through the '''[[Category:Primary Lymphoid Tissue | lymphoid tissues]]''' before differentiating into '''merozoites'''.
+
Schizonts then '''disseminate''' through the '''[[:Category:Primary Lymphoid Tissue | lymphoid tissues]]''' before differentiating into '''merozoites'''.
    
The merozoites enter the '''[[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]]''' and form '''piroplasms''' which are '''infective to ticks''' and capable of sexual reproduction.
 
The merozoites enter the '''[[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]]''' and form '''piroplasms''' which are '''infective to ticks''' and capable of sexual reproduction.
   −
Sexual reproduction occurs within the nymph and larval stages of the [[Ticks | tick]] and the final infective stage is present within the '''salivary glands''' and is transmitted to mammalian hosts when bloodfeeding.
+
Sexual reproduction occurs within the nymph and larval stages of the [[Ticks |tick]] and the final infective stage is present within the '''salivary glands''' and is transmitted to mammalian hosts when bloodfeeding.
    
Transmission in the tick is then '''[[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]]'''.
 
Transmission in the tick is then '''[[Ticks#Disease Transmission|trans-stadial]]'''.
Line 46: Line 47:     
==Diseases==
 
==Diseases==
[[Image:Lymph node smear East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lymph node smear of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
+
<big><b>[[Theileriosis - Cattle |Bovine Theileriosis]]
 
  −
[[Image:H and E stain brain East Coast Fever.jpg|thumb|right|200px|H and E stain of brain and meningeal vessels of a cow with East Coast Fever - Drs. Elizabeth Howerth and Bruce LeRoy, Department of Pathology, UGA College of Veterinary Medicine]]
  −
 
  −
[[Theileriosis - Cattle | Bovine Theileriosis]]
  −
 
  −
[[East Coast Fever]]
     −
==Theileria parva==
+
[[East Coast Fever]]</b></big>
Also Known As ''T. mutans'' and ''T. sergenti''.
     −
Primarily a parasite of '''African buffalo'''.  
+
==''Theileria parva''==
 +
Also Known As:''' ''T. mutans'' and ''T. sergenti''.
   −
Transmitted by a wide range of [[Ticks | tick]] hosts and also the burrowing mite, '''''[[Sarcoptes | Sarcoptes scabei]]'''''.
+
''T. parva is primarily a parasite of '''African buffalo''' and the cause of '''[[Theileriosis - Cattle | Bovine Theileriosis]]''' and '''[[East Coast Fever]]'''. It is transmitted by a wide range of [[Ticks |tick]] hosts and also the burrowing mite, '''''[[Sarcoptes | Sarcoptes scabei]]'''''.
   −
The cause of '''[[Theileriosis - Cattle | Bovine Theileriosis]]''' and '''[[East Coast Fever]]'''
+
The protozoa form '''rod shaped''' piroplasms within host [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].
   −
Forms '''rod shaped''' piroplasms within host [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].
+
''T. parva'' shows extreme antigenic diversity across its geographical distribution, although parasites isolated in different diseases are genetically identical.
   −
Shows extreme antigenic diversity across its geographical distribution, although parasites isolated in different diseases are genetically identical.
+
Sheep and mice can also be infected.
   −
Can also infect sheep and mice.
+
==''Theileria annulata''==
 +
Also Known As: '''''T. dispar''
   −
==Theileria annulata==
+
''T. annulata'' is also a cause of [[Theileriosis - Cattle |Bovine Theileriosis]]. The parasite infects '''[[Macrophages |macrophages]]''' and '''[[B cells| B Lymphocytes]]''' forming '''round or oval''' piroplasma within host [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].
Also Known As ''T. dispar''
     −
Also a cause of [[Theileriosis - Cattle | Bovine Theileriosis]]
+
It also infects sheep and yaks.
 
  −
Infects '''[[Macrophages | macrophages]]''' and '''[[B cells| B Lymphocytes]]'''.
  −
 
  −
Forms '''round or oval''' piroplasma within host [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].
  −
 
  −
Also infects sheep and yaks
      
==References==
 
==References==
Line 87: Line 76:  
[[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
 
[[Piroplasmida_Flashcards|Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
    +
 +
{{review}}
 
[[Category:Piroplasmida]]
 
[[Category:Piroplasmida]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_CABI review]]
+
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
53,803

edits