Nasal Cavity - Degenerative Pathology
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In Horses
Nasal septum abnormalities
- Thickening caused by
- Trauma
- Infection
- Neoplasia of nasal septum, carcinomas most common
- Amyloidosis (below)
- Wry nose
- Empyema, neoplasia, cysts of sinuses
Nasal amyloidosis
- Deposition of amyloid in nasal submucosa of horses
- Not part of generalised amyloidosis
- May extend to larynx
- Nodular of diffuse
- Stenosis may cause obstruction
- Smooth surface, waxy sheen on cut surface
- Macrophages and lymphocytes, giant cells
- May have overlying ulceration of mucosa
- Large firm nodules in alar folds, rostral nasal septum and floor of nasal cavity
- Micro:
- Deposition of hyaline material in nasal mucosa
Circulatory disturbances
Congestion and Hyperaemia
- Congestion - passive interference with venous return
- Non-specific
- Commonly found at post-mortem
- Hyperaemia - active vasodilation
- Associated with early stages of inflammation
Haemorrhage
- Can result from local trauma or just transfer blood from lower down in the respiratory tract (see epistaxis)