Difference between revisions of "Bovine Enterovirus"
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| − | Also Known As | + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| + | Also Known As: ''''' BEV — Enteric Cytopathic Bovine Orphan Virus — ECBO''''' | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | Bovine enterovirus is a small '''RNA [[Picornaviridae|picornavirus]]''' causing '''[[Reproductive | + | Bovine enterovirus is a small '''RNA [[Picornaviridae|picornavirus]]''' causing '''[[:Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle|reproductive]], [[:Category:Alimentary Diseases - Cattle|gastrointestinal]] and [[:Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle|respiratory]] disease in cattle.''' Most have a low virulence. |
| − | The enteroviruses multiply primarily in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the muscles and nervous tissue. There are 10 recognised serotypes within 2 serogroups. | + | The [[:Category:Enteroviruses|enteroviruses]] multiply primarily in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the muscles and nervous tissue. There are 10 recognised serotypes within 2 serogroups. |
| − | BEV is also often found '''concurrently with other diseases''', including respiratory disease, abortions, rhinitis and [[Pneumonic Pasteurellosis|shipping fever]]. | + | BEV is also often found '''concurrently with other diseases''', including [[:Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle|respiratory disease]], abortions, [[rhinitis]] and [[Pneumonic Pasteurellosis|shipping fever]]. |
Careful diagnosis is required due to serological and virological similarities with [[Foot and Mouth Disease]]. | Careful diagnosis is required due to serological and virological similarities with [[Foot and Mouth Disease]]. | ||
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Reproductive disease is the '''most common''' clinical presentation manifesting as '''abortion, stillbirths, infertility and neonatal deaths.''' | Reproductive disease is the '''most common''' clinical presentation manifesting as '''abortion, stillbirths, infertility and neonatal deaths.''' | ||
| − | '''[[Diarrhoea]]''' with mucus and dark colour | + | '''[[Diarrhoea]]''' with mucus and dark colour may also be seen as well as pyrexia, dehydration and weight loss. Dairy cows will show '''60-70% reduction in milk yield'''. Respiratory signs may include mucoid nasal discharge. |
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| − | '''60-70% reduction in milk yield''' | ||
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Infected cattle '''disseminate the virus continually through their faeces and nasal discharge''' and this can continue for more than three months after apparent recovery. | Infected cattle '''disseminate the virus continually through their faeces and nasal discharge''' and this can continue for more than three months after apparent recovery. | ||
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BEV can be '''isolated''' from faeces, oesophageal scrapings, vaginal mucosa, rectal swabs, semen, blood, placenta, foetal materials and fluids, lungs, salivary glands, small intestine, lymph nodes, nasal swabs and other organs. | BEV can be '''isolated''' from faeces, oesophageal scrapings, vaginal mucosa, rectal swabs, semen, blood, placenta, foetal materials and fluids, lungs, salivary glands, small intestine, lymph nodes, nasal swabs and other organs. | ||
| − | The virus can then be '''morphologically identified''' by electron microscopy, PCR, Complement Fixation, Antibody fluorescence and haemagglutination. | + | The virus can then be '''morphologically identified''' by electron microscopy, PCR, [[Complement Fixation]], [[Immunofluorescence|Antibody fluorescence]] and [[Haemagglutination|haemagglutination]]. |
| − | '''Serum | + | '''Serum neutralisation can detect antibodies''' to BEV. |
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
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'''Isolation and adequate disinfection''' are important in containing outbreaks. | '''Isolation and adequate disinfection''' are important in containing outbreaks. | ||
No vaccine is available. | No vaccine is available. | ||
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{{Learning | {{Learning | ||
|flashcards = [[Bovine Enterovirus Flashcards]] | |flashcards = [[Bovine Enterovirus Flashcards]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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| − | + | {{CABI source | |
| + | |datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91726&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 bovine enterovirus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91707&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 bovine enterovirus infection] | ||
| + | |date = 16 June 2011 | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <br><br><br> | ||
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| + | {{review}} | ||
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| + | {{OpenPages}} | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Cattle]] |
| + | [[Category:Enteroviruses]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cattle]] | ||
| + | [[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Nick L]] | ||
Latest revision as of 12:28, 17 August 2012
Also Known As: BEV — Enteric Cytopathic Bovine Orphan Virus — ECBO
Introduction
Bovine enterovirus is a small RNA picornavirus causing reproductive, gastrointestinal and respiratory disease in cattle. Most have a low virulence.
The enteroviruses multiply primarily in the gastrointestinal tract but also in the muscles and nervous tissue. There are 10 recognised serotypes within 2 serogroups.
BEV is also often found concurrently with other diseases, including respiratory disease, abortions, rhinitis and shipping fever.
Careful diagnosis is required due to serological and virological similarities with Foot and Mouth Disease.
BEV is not zoonotic.
Distribution
Worldwide
Ubiquitous among cattle populations globally.
Signalment
Serotype 1 has been found in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, deer ad wild cattle.
Those viruses in serotype 2 have only been isolated from domestic cattle. All ages and breeds are susceptible.
Transmission is faecal:oral and airborne and the virus is highly resistant to environmental challenges.
Clinical Signs
Reproductive disease is the most common clinical presentation manifesting as abortion, stillbirths, infertility and neonatal deaths.
Diarrhoea with mucus and dark colour may also be seen as well as pyrexia, dehydration and weight loss. Dairy cows will show 60-70% reduction in milk yield. Respiratory signs may include mucoid nasal discharge.
Infected cattle disseminate the virus continually through their faeces and nasal discharge and this can continue for more than three months after apparent recovery.
No clinical signs are pathognomic.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis partially relies upon ruling out other possible causes of the clinical signs.
BEV can be isolated from faeces, oesophageal scrapings, vaginal mucosa, rectal swabs, semen, blood, placenta, foetal materials and fluids, lungs, salivary glands, small intestine, lymph nodes, nasal swabs and other organs.
The virus can then be morphologically identified by electron microscopy, PCR, Complement Fixation, Antibody fluorescence and haemagglutination.
Serum neutralisation can detect antibodies to BEV.
Treatment
No specific treatment is available. Symptomatic treatment may improve recovery and demeanour.
Control
Isolation and adequate disinfection are important in containing outbreaks. No vaccine is available.
| Bovine Enterovirus Learning Resources | |
|---|---|
 Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions |
Bovine Enterovirus Flashcards |
References
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This article was originally sourced from The Animal Health & Production Compendium (AHPC) published online by CABI during the OVAL Project. The datasheet was accessed on 16 June 2011. |
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This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
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