Difference between revisions of "Equine Viral Encephalitis"

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Also known as: '''''Equine viral encephalomyelitis — Equine viral encephalitides — Equine viral encephalomyelitides'''''
  
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====Description====
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==Introduction==
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Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of horses causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis.
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Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Most commonly involves [[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis]].
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The following horse diseases are subject to the infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987: west nile, EVE.
 
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The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection.
 
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Council Directive 90/426 of 26 June 1990 makes the following horse diseases compulsorily notifiable to the EU: Equine Encephalomyelitis (of all types, including Japanese Encephalomyelitis and West Nile Fever
 
  
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====Aetiology====
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==Aetiology==
 
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
 
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
  
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*Cache Valley Virus
 
*Cache Valley Virus
 
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Orthobunyavirus''
 
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Orthobunyavirus''
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*California Encephalitis viruses
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*California Encephalitis viruses <ref>Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
 
**Snowshoe Hare Virus
 
**Snowshoe Hare Virus
 
**Jamestown Canyon Virus
 
**Jamestown Canyon Virus
 
*Main Drain Virus
 
*Main Drain Virus
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Family Flaviviridae, Genus ''Flavivirus''
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Family [[:Category:Flaviviridae|Flaviviridae]], Genus [[:Category:Flaviviruses|''Flavivirus'']]
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*Japanese Encephalitis Virus
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*[[Japanese Encephalitis Virus]]
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*West Nile Virus (WNV)
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*Kunjin Virus
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*Kunjin virus
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*[[Louping Ill|Louping Ill Virus]]
 
*Murray Valley Virus
 
*Murray Valley Virus
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*Powassan virus
 
*St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
 
*St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
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*Powassan virus
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*[[West Nile Virus|West Nile Virus (WNV) **]]
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Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus ''Henipavirus''
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Family [[:Category:Paramyxoviridae|Paramyxoviridae]], Genus ''Henipavirus''
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*Nipah virus
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*[[Nipah Virus]]
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Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus ''Lyssavirus''
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Family [[:Category:Rhabdoviridae|Rhabdoviridae]], Genus ''Lyssavirus''
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*Rabies Virus
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*[[Rabies]] Virus  
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Family Reoviridae, Genus ''Orbivirus''
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Family [[:Category:Reoviridae|Reoviridae]], Genus ''Orbivirus''
 
*Equine Encephalosis Virus
 
*Equine Encephalosis Virus
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[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Family Togaviridae]], Genus ''Alphavirus''
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[[:Category:Togaviridae|Family Togaviridae]], Genus [[Equine Encephalitis Virus|''Alphavirus'']]
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*[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV)]]
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*Aura Virus
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*[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Western EEV]]
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*Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV) **
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*[[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis|Venezuelan EEV]]
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*Western EEV **
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*Venezuelan EEV **
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*Highlands J Virus
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*Getah Virus
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*Semliki Forest Virus
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*Ross River Virus
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*Una Virus
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Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
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*Maguari Virus<ref>Calisher, C.H, Monath, T.P, Sabattini, M.S, Mitchell, C.J, Lazuick, J.S, Tesh, R.B, Cropp, C.B (1987) A newly recognised vesiculovirus, Calchaqui virus, and subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses from Argentina, with serologic evidence for infections of humans and horses, ''Am J Trop Med Hyg'', 36:114-119.  In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
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==Legislation==
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Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to The Infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987.  "''The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection''".  Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.<ref>http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/viralenceph/index.htm</ref>
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{{Learning
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|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2005/20053177514.pdf ''' Update on viral encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and myeloencephalopathy.''' Traub-Dargatz, J.; Eastern States Veterinary Association, Gainesville, USA, Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Large animal. Volume 19, Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-12 January, 2005, 2005, pp 274-278, 10 ref.]
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}}
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==References==
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<references/>
  
  
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Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
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{{review}}
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*Louping Ill Virus
 
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*Maguari Virus
 
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*Aura Virus
 
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*Una Virus
 
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*[[Equine Encephalitis Virus|Highlands J Virus]]
 
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*Semliki Forest Virus
 
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*Getah Virus
 
  
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====References====
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{{OpenPages}}
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Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.
 
  
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[[Category:Togaviridae]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
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[[Category:Horse]]
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[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Horse]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Viruses]]
 
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Nina]]
 

Latest revision as of 15:25, 6 July 2012


Also known as: Equine viral encephalomyelitis — Equine viral encephalitides — Equine viral encephalomyelitides

Introduction

Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Most commonly involves Equine Togaviral Encephalitis.

Aetiology

Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:

Family Bornaviridae, Genus Bornavirus

  • Borna Disease Virus

Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Bunyamweravirus

  • Cache Valley Virus

Family Bunyaviridae, Genus Orthobunyavirus

  • California Encephalitis viruses [1]
    • Snowshoe Hare Virus
    • Jamestown Canyon Virus
  • Main Drain Virus

Family Flaviviridae, Genus Flavivirus

Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus Henipavirus

Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus Lyssavirus

Family Reoviridae, Genus Orbivirus

  • Equine Encephalosis Virus

Family Togaviridae, Genus Alphavirus

  • Aura Virus
  • Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV) **
  • Western EEV **
  • Venezuelan EEV **
  • Highlands J Virus
  • Getah Virus
  • Semliki Forest Virus
  • Ross River Virus
  • Una Virus

Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:

  • Maguari Virus[2]

Legislation

Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to The Infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987. "The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection". Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.[3]


Equine Viral Encephalitis Learning Resources
CABICABI logo.jpg
Full Text Articles
Full text articles available from CAB Abstract
(CABI log in required) 		Update on viral encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and myeloencephalopathy. Traub-Dargatz, J.; Eastern States Veterinary Association, Gainesville, USA, Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Large animal. Volume 19, Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-12 January, 2005, 2005, pp 274-278, 10 ref.


References

  1. ↑ Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 12.
  2. ↑ Calisher, C.H, Monath, T.P, Sabattini, M.S, Mitchell, C.J, Lazuick, J.S, Tesh, R.B, Cropp, C.B (1987) A newly recognised vesiculovirus, Calchaqui virus, and subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses from Argentina, with serologic evidence for infections of humans and horses, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 36:114-119. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) Equine Internal Medicine (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 12.
  3. ↑ http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/viralenceph/index.htm


This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.



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