Difference between revisions of "Respiratory System Clinical Signs - Pathology"
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**Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]] | **Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in [[Hindgut Fermenters - Horse - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]] | ||
**Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction | **Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction | ||
| − | ***[[Nasal | + | ***[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Neoplasia]] |
***[[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|Fungal infection]] | ***[[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology|Fungal infection]] | ||
*Unilateral discharge: | *Unilateral discharge: | ||
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===Facial swelling=== | ===Facial swelling=== | ||
| − | *[[Nasal | + | *[[Nasal Cavity - Pathology|Nasal]] |
*[[Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharyngeal]] | *[[Nasopharynx - Pathology|Pharyngeal]] | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
*May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract | *May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract | ||
*Causes | *Causes | ||
| − | **Inflammation eg: [[Nasal | + | **Inflammation eg: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|ulcerative rhinitis]] |
| − | **Neoplasia eg: [[Nasal | + | **Neoplasia eg: [[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|infiltrating tumour]], haemangioma |
**Trauma | **Trauma | ||
**Clotting defects | **Clotting defects | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
*'''Horse''': | *'''Horse''': | ||
| − | **[[Nasal | + | **[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]] |
| − | **[[Nasal | + | **[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|Ethmoidal haematoma]] = 'Haemorrhagic nasal polyp', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery. |
***Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma. | ***Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma. | ||
**[[Lungs - circulatory#Pulmonary haemorrhage|Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage]] | **[[Lungs - circulatory#Pulmonary haemorrhage|Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage]] | ||
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**Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body | **Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body | ||
**[[Paranasal Sinuses Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Sinus neoplasia]] | **[[Paranasal Sinuses Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Sinus neoplasia]] | ||
| − | **[[Nasal | + | **[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts|Sinus cyst]] |
**[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|Sinusitis]] | **[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|Sinusitis]] | ||
**Lower airway disease | **Lower airway disease | ||
Revision as of 21:30, 4 August 2008
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Nasal discharge
- Bilateral discharge:
- Lesion is caudal to nasal septum eg: pharyngeal lesion; LRT lesion in horses
- Lesion has resulted in nasal septum destruction
- Unilateral discharge:
- Lesion is cranial to nasal septum eg: nasal or sinus lesion; pharyngeal or guttural pouch lesion in horses.
- Type of discharge
- Serous
- Catarrhal
- Purrulent
- Haemorrhage
Sneezing
- Nasal
Facial swelling
Pain
- Any location
Coughing
Dyspnoea/altered air flow
- Respiratory noise
Epistaxis
- Haemorrhage from the nose
- May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract
- Causes
- Inflammation eg: ulcerative rhinitis
- Neoplasia eg: infiltrating tumour, haemangioma
- Trauma
- Clotting defects
- Horse:
- Nasal aspergillosis
- Ethmoidal haematoma = 'Haemorrhagic nasal polyp', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery.
- Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma.
- Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage
- Rupture of rectus capitus - profuse haemorrhage
- Mycotic infection of guttural pouches
- Nasolacrimal haemorrhage
- Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body
- Sinus neoplasia
- Sinus cyst
- Sinusitis
- Lower airway disease
- Pulmonary neoplasia
- Cardiac
- Mitral insufficiency
- Atrial fibrillation
- Skeletal
- Head trauma
- Rarely hypertension or vascular aneurysms
- Blood stained nose at post-mortem - terminal pulmonary congestion, oedema, haemorrhage
Dysphagia
- Horses
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Oesophageal obstruction
- Respiratory tract
- Retropharyngeal abscesses e.g. strangles
- Other retropharyngeal masses
- Pharyngeal foreign body
- Pharyngeal paralysis
- Neurological
- Guttural pouch mycosis
- Equine grass sickness
- Botulism
- Lead poisoning
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Cleft palate
- Dummy foal
- Equine respiratory disease by clinical signs
- Contains pictures and videos
- From Equine Respiratory Diseases edited by P. Lekeux, published by the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS)
- Requires IVIS membership