Difference between revisions of "Salivary Glands Overview - Anatomy & Physiology"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| − | The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. | + | The [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates [[Mastication|mastication]] by lubricating the passage of the bolus. |
Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts. | Salivary gands are present in the [[Cheeks|cheek]], [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]], [[Lips|lips]], [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]], [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] but the major salivary glands are located further away from the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and function through connective ducts. | ||
| − | Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions. | + | Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions. Salivary glands can produce a [[Serous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|serous]] secretion, a [[Mucous Salivary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|mucous]] secretion or both. |
| − | Salivary | + | ==Types of Salivary Glands== |
| + | [[Image:Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Parotid & Mandibular Salivary Gland - Copyright Nottingham 2008]] | ||
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===Major Salivary Glands=== | ===Major Salivary Glands=== | ||
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| − | + | [[Parotid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parotid]] (glandula parotis), [[Mandibular Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Mandibular]] (glandula mandibularis), [[Sublingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Sublingual]] (glandula sublinguales) and [[Zygomatic Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Zygomatic]] (glandula zygomatica). | |
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===Minor Salivary Glands=== | ===Minor Salivary Glands=== | ||
| − | + | [[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]], [[Lingual Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Lingual]], [[Buccal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Buccal]] and [[Palatine Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Palatine]]. | |
| − | + | [[Image:Salivary Glands Dog.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salivary Glands Labelled (Dog) - Copyright C.Clarkson and T.F.Fletcher University of Minnesota]] | |
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| − | [[Image:Salivary Glands Dog.jpg|thumb|right| | ||
==Innervation== | ==Innervation== | ||
| − | + | The salivary glands are innervated by '''sympathetic'''- Vasoconstriction occurs and the flow of saliva is decreased. | |
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| − | + | The salivary glands are also innervated by '''parasympathetic''' (most important)- They travel from the brainstem by the facial ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]) and glossopharyngeal ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN XI]]) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V]]). The flow of salivary fluid increases and vasodilation occurs. | |
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| − | + | The main nerves are the '''occulomotor''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN III]]), '''facial''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]]), '''glossopharyngeal''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN IX]]) and '''vagus''' ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN X]]). | |
==Saliva== | ==Saliva== | ||
| − | + | Saliva is mainly water and contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate, mucin, electrolytes, antimicrobial agents and lingual lipase. | |
| − | + | ==Species Differences== | |
| − | + | [[Image:Salivary Glands of Different Species.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Salivary Glands of cow, horse, pig and dog - Copyright prof. Pat Mccarthy]] | |
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===Equine=== | ===Equine=== | ||
| − | + | Produce up to 40L per day. | |
===Bovine=== | ===Bovine=== | ||
| − | + | Produce 110-180L per day. | |
===Porcine=== | ===Porcine=== | ||
| − | + | Produce up tp 15L per day. | |
| − | == | + | ==Links== |
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| − | + | '''Test yourself with the [[Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards#Salivary Glands Flashcards|Salivary Glands Flashcards]]''' | |
| − | [[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]] | + | '''Click here for information on [[:Category:Salivary Glands - Pathology|Salivary Glands Pathology]]''' |
[[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]] | [[Category:Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physiology]] | ||
| − | [[Category:To Do - | + | [[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]] |
Revision as of 12:17, 15 September 2010
Introduction
The oral cavity is drained by numerous salivary glands. The saliva secreted keeps the mouth moist and facilitates mastication by lubricating the passage of the bolus.
Salivary gands are present in the cheek, tongue, lips, oesophagus, soft palate and pharynx but the major salivary glands are located further away from the oral cavity and function through connective ducts.
Saliva provides digestive enzymes, is a route of excretion of substances which accumulate on the teeth and provides lubricative and also cleansing functions. Salivary glands can produce a serous secretion, a mucous secretion or both.
Types of Salivary Glands
Major Salivary Glands
Parotid (glandula parotis), Mandibular (glandula mandibularis), Sublingual (glandula sublinguales) and Zygomatic (glandula zygomatica).
Minor Salivary Glands
Labial, Lingual, Buccal and Palatine.
Innervation
The salivary glands are innervated by sympathetic- Vasoconstriction occurs and the flow of saliva is decreased.
The salivary glands are also innervated by parasympathetic (most important)- They travel from the brainstem by the facial (CN VII) and glossopharyngeal (CN XI) then into branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). The flow of salivary fluid increases and vasodilation occurs.
The main nerves are the occulomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X).
Saliva
Saliva is mainly water and contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, salt- mainly sodium bicarbonate, mucin, electrolytes, antimicrobial agents and lingual lipase.
Species Differences
Equine
Produce up to 40L per day.
Bovine
Produce 110-180L per day.
Porcine
Produce up tp 15L per day.
Links
Test yourself with the Salivary Glands Flashcards
Click here for information on Salivary Glands Pathology