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==Signalment==
==Signalment==
Can affect both dogs and cats.
Can affect both dogs and cats.
*electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
*electrolyte or acid-base imbalances
*uraemia
*uraemia
*hypothyroidism
*[[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]]
*hepatic encephalopathy
*[[Hepatic Encephalopathy|hepatic encephalopathy]]
*pancreatitis
*[[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]]
*inflammation or ulceration of the stomach
*[[Gastric Ulceration - Dog|gastric ulceration]] and inflammation
*anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea
*anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea
*idiopathic
*idiopathic
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded.
Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12 hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded.
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==Clinical Signs===
===Clinical Signs===
*chronic belching and vomiting
*chronic belching and vomiting
*anorexia
*anorexia
===Radiography===
===Radiography===
Contrast radiography may support a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder:
*Contrast radiography may support a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder:
*Retention of a barium meal for more than 10 hours
**Half of the animal's daily caloric requirement should be fed as canned food mixed with 5% by weight of barium sulphate. Radiographs are taken every hour until the stomach is empty. This amount of food is normally emptied by the stomach in 5-8 hours. If food is still present after this time, a motility problem is suggested.
===Biopsy===
*Fluoroscopy studies may be used to assess gastric motility.
===Special Diagnostic Techniques===
A definitive diagnosis of gastric motility disorders requires special diagnostic techniques that are not often available. These include measurement of gastric electrical and contractile activity as well as radio-isotope studies.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Underlying causes of vomiting should be addressed first.
Drugs that promote gastric peristalsis/motility may be administered once a diagnosis of a gastric motility disorder has been reached. Several drugs have been proposed and may include:
*Cisapride (30 minutes before each meal)
**reduces tachygastria
**increases tone and amplitude of gastric contractions
**relaxes the pyloric canal
**increases contraction in the proximal small intestine
*[[Macrolides and Lincosamides|Erythromycin]]
**acts on smooth muscle motilin receptors to increase gastric contractility
*Metoclopramide
**increases gastric peristalsis
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Animals that respond well to medical management have a good prognosis. Those who respond poorly to medical treatment have a poor prognosis.
==References==
==References==
*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Thomas, D. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (1st Edition)''' ''BSAVA'' Page 109
*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' Page 427
[[Category:Stomach_and_Abomasum_-_Pathology]][[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:Gastric Diseases - Cat]][[Category:To Do - Medium]]