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| − | {{toplink
| + | <FlashCard questions="20"> |
| − | |backcolour =BCED91 | + | |q1=Liver lesions are common because: |
| − | |linkpage =Alimentary System - Pathology | + | |a1=Liver is an area of high metabolic activity<br>Receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system<br>Has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease) |
| − | |linktext =Alimentary System | + | |l1=Liver - General Pathology |
| − | |maplink = Alimentary System (Content Map) - Pathology | + | |q2=In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected? |
| − | |pagetype =Pathology | + | * Haemolytic |
| − | |subtext1=ALIMENTARY FLASHCARDS | + | * Obstructive |
| − | |sublink1=Alimentary Flashcards - Pathology | + | * Hepatocellular |
| − | }}
| + | |a2=Haemolytic NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated<br>Obstructive YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates<br>Hepatocellular NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage<br>NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate |
| − | <br> | + | |l2=Icterus |
| − | ==Introduction== | + | |q3=In regard to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants? |
| | + | |a3=''Senecio jacobea'' (Ragwort)<br>''Lantana camara'' (Lantana)<br>''Lupinus angustifolius'' (Lupins)<br>Blue-green algae |
| | + | |l3=Photosensitisation |
| | + | |q4=What are two causes of necrosis? |
| | + | |a4=Severe metabolic disturbances<br>Nutritional deficiencies<br>Toxic substances<br>Actions of micro-organisms |
| | + | |l4=Liver Necrosis |
| | + | |q5=What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem? |
| | + | |a5=Bacteria degrade blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide |
| | + | |l5=Liver Post Mortem#Gross |
| | + | |q6=True or false? |
| | + | Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common. |
| | + | |a6=False |
| | + | |l6=Liver Displacement |
| | + | |q7=What occurs during congestion? |
| | + | |a7=The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver. |
| | + | |l7=Liver Congestion, Passive |
| | + | |q8=True or false? |
| | + | Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver. |
| | + | |a8=False |
| | + | |l8=Liver Pigmentation#Congenital melanosis |
| | + | |q9=Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with? |
| | + | |a9=Dietary factors: obesity and starvation<br>Increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states<br>Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions<br>Abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood |
| | + | |l9=Hepatic Lipidosis |
| | + | |q10=What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy? |
| | + | |a10=It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days. |
| | + | |l10=Hepatic Lipidosis#Gross |
| | + | |q11=True or false? |
| | + | Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week. |
| | + | |a11=True |
| | + | |l11=Hyperlipidaemia - Horse |
| | + | |q12=What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself? |
| | + | |a12=Due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes<br>Manifest themselves as neurological disease |
| | + | |l12=Lysosomal Storage Disease |
| | + | |q13=Herpes virus infections include: |
| | + | |a13=Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis<br>Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Aujesky's disease in pigs |
| | + | |l13=:Category:Hepatitis, Viral |
| | + | |q14=You are examining a cow's liver at necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease? |
| | + | |a14=Black Disease |
| | + | |l14=Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis |
| | + | |q15=What are the two main types of hepatitis in cats? |
| | + | |a15=Cholangitis<br>Lymphocytic portal hepatitis |
| | + | |l15=Cholangitis |
| | + | |q16=True or false? |
| | + | Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. |
| | + | |a16=False |
| | + | |l16=Liver Necrosis#Zonal Necrosis |
| | + | |q17=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed - |
| | + | |a17=(Hepato)megalocytosis |
| | + | |l17=Ragwort Toxicity |
| | + | |q18=Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites? |
| | + | |a18=Spleen<br>Right auricle of the heart |
| | + | |l18=Haemangiosarcoma |
| | + | |q19=True or false? |
| | + | Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats. |
| | + | |a19=False |
| | + | |l19=Cholangitis |
| | + | |q20=What are two causes of cholangitis of the liver? |
| | + | |a20=Ascending infections from the intestine<br>Associated with organisms excreted via the bile |
| | + | |l20=Cholangitis |
| | + | </FlashCard> |
| | | | |
| − | *This Page contains Flashcards for the pathology of the [[Liver - Pathology|Liver]]
| + | [[Category:Alimentary Pathology Flashcards]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Liver - Pathology]] |
| − | *In order to reveal an answer, highlight the underlined or bulleted area using your mouse.
| + | [[Category:Liver and Gall Bladder Flashcards]] |
| − | | + | [[Category:Nicola Parry reviewing]] |
| − | *The number of bullet points doesn't necessarily indicate a strict number of answers.
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| − | | |
| − | *Internet explorer is different - you'll have to guess where the underline should be!
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| − | | |
| − | ==Flashcards==
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| − | | |
| − | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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| − | !width="400"|'''Question'''
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| − | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
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| − | !width="150"|'''Article'''
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| − | | |
| − | |-
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| − | |<big>'''Liver lesions are common because:
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''it is an area of high metabolic activity'''''
| |
| − | *'''''receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system'''''
| |
| − | *'''''has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease)'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver General Pathology - Pathology#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected?
| |
| − | * '''haemolytic
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| − | * '''obstructive
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| − | * '''hepatocellular
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
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| − | *'''''NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated'''''
| |
| − | *'''''YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates'''''
| |
| − | *'''''NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage'''''
| |
| − | *'''''NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver General Pathology - Pathology#Jaundice (Icterus)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Senecio jacobea (Ragwort)'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Lantana camara (Lantana)'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins)'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Blue-green algae'''''
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| − | ||[[Liver General Pathology - Pathology#secondary photosensitisation|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are two causes of necrosis?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''severe metabolic disturbances'''''
| |
| − | *'''''nutritional deficiencies'''''
| |
| − | *'''''toxic substances'''''
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| − | *'''''actions of micro-organisms'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver General Pathology - Patholgoy#Necrosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - post mortem#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or false?
| |
| − | '''Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common.
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''false'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver Developmental - Pathology#Displacement|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What occurs during Congestion?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver.
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - circulatory disturbances#Passive congestion|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or false?
| |
| − | '''Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver.
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''false'''''
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| − | ||[[Liver - pigmentation#Congenital melanosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with -
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''dietary factors: obesity and starvation '''''
| |
| − | *'''''increased demand for energy: pregnancy, lactation, and starvation in physiological states '''''
| |
| − | *'''''Diabetes mellitus, ketosis, and pregnancy toxaemia in pathological conditions '''''
| |
| − | *'''''abnormal hepatocytic function: prevents fatty acids from forming complexes with proteins to form low density lipoproteins for secretion into the blood '''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - degenerative#Hepatic lipidosis - fatty liver syndrome|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What could be a non-pathological reason for a cow displaying fatty liver syndrome during necropsy?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''It is possible to show fat infiltration of liver in cows which have not been eating for several days.
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - degenerative#Gross|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or false?
| |
| − | '''Equine hyperlipidemia or fat pony syndrome is similar to that in cats, as well as fatal within a week.
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''true'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - degenerative#Equine hyperlipidemia|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What causes Lysosomal storage disease and how does it manifest itself?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes'''''
| |
| − | *'''''manifest themselves as neurological disease '''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - storage diseases#Lysosomal storage diseases|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Herpes virus infections include -
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis'''''
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| − | *'''''Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis'''''
| |
| − | *'''''Aujesky's disease in pigs '''''
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| − | ||[[Liver Inflammatory - Pathology#Herpes virus infections|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''Black Disease'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (Black Disease)|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
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| − | *'''''cholangiohepatitis'''''
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| − | *'''''Lymphocytic portal hepatitis'''''
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| − | ||[[Liver Inflammatory - Pathology#Hepatitis in cats|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or false?
| |
| − | '''Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis.
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''false'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver Toxic - Pathology#Acute hepatoxicity|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed -
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''megalocytosis'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver Toxic - Pathology#Ragwort|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms?
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| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
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| − | *'''''liver cell tumours'''''
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| − | *'''''malignant bile duct tumours '''''
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| − | ||[[Liver - proliferative#Primary tumours|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''spleen'''''
| |
| − | *'''''right auricle of the heart'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - proliferative#Haemangiosarcoma|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''True or false?
| |
| − | '''Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats.
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''false'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - unknown aetiology#Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |<big>'''What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver?
| |
| − | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
| − | *'''''ascending infections from the intestine'''''
| |
| − | *'''''associated with organisms excreted via the bile'''''
| |
| − | ||[[Liver - biliary tract#Cholangitis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
| − | |-
| |