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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
|name = ''Mycoplasma hyorhinis''
|name = ''Mycoplasma hyorhinis''
|genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]]
|genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]]
}}
}}
Also Known As: ''''' Mycoplasma arthritis — Mycoplasma septicaemia — Mycoplasmal Polyserositis'''''
''M. hyosynovia'' and ''M. hyorhinis'' are species of ''[[Mycoplasmas species - Overview|Mycoplasmas]]''. They produce syndromes similar to [[Haemophilus parasuis|Glasser's disease]] with milder expression, rarely menigitis and arthritis.
==Introduction==
''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' is a common [[Bacteria |bacterial]] '''commensal''' of pig’s respiratory tracts and an occasional cause of '''polyarthritis and polyserositis''' in young pigs.
''M. hyorhinis'' causes a chronic progressive polyserositis in pigs under 10 weeks old resulting in a fever, laboured breathing, lameness and swollen joints. Serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis and [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis]] occur.
Treatment includes tylosin and lincomycin.
''M. hyorhinis'' is commonly associated with other pathogens, exacerbating and facilitating disease, especially ''[[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae]]'', the principal cause of [[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs]], ''[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]]'' and ''[[Arcanobacterium pyogenes]]''.
''M. hyorhinis'' is also implicated in many severe cases of [[Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome]].
==Pathogenesis==
Clinical Disease is most common in '''young pigs under 10 weeks old'''.
Antigens persist in the tissues, especially the joints, long after infection has resolved, stimulating '''auto-immune mechanisms''' which further damage the joints, causing damage which may be permanent.
==Clinical signs==
The main presentation is as a chronic '''progressive polyserositis''' in pigs under 10 weeks old. '''Lameness and swollen joints''' are common and congenital arthrogryposis may be seen in young stock.
Fever usually accompanies clinical signs and animals often have a rough, dull, staring hair coat. '''Laboured breathing and tachycardia''' are non-specific cardiorespiratory signs.
'''Aural discharge''' with a foul odour represents otitis and may result in deafness. Otitis media may cause a head tilt and vestibular signs.
Dysphagia and vomiting/regurgitation are less common but significant. Other neurological and ocular signs may be also present .
'''Serofibrinous pleurisy, pericarditis and peritonitis''' are pathological features of ''M. hyorhinis''.
==Diagnosis==
'''Joint fluid, synovial membranes and samples from the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum''' can be used for '''culture''' of ''M. hyorhinis''.
[[FAT|Immunofluorescent Antibody Testing ]]'''(IFAT)''' is also possible. [[Complement Fixation]] and [[Haemagglutination]] can be performed for serological diagnosis but are not widely available.
Antibodies can be detected in serum and synovial fluid, but not until 6 weeks post-infection.
==Treatment==
A variety of antibiotics are effective, including '''tetracycline, tiamulin, enrofloxacin, tylosin and lincomycin.'''
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Mycoplasma hyorhinis Flashcards|''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' Flashcards]]
}}
==References==
<references/>
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=74547&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Mycoplasma hyorhinis'' infections]
|date =15 June 2011
}}
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[[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
[[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
[[Category:To Do - CABI]]
[[Category:Pig Bacteria]][[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]