Difference between revisions of "Cardiorespiratory System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology"
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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The mammalian cardiovascular and respiratory systems have evolved primarily to provide the tissues of the body with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide. The cardiorespiratory system also has metabolic and heat exchange roles. | The mammalian cardiovascular and respiratory systems have evolved primarily to provide the tissues of the body with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide. The cardiorespiratory system also has metabolic and heat exchange roles. | ||
| − | + | ==Respiratory System== | |
| − | Air is [[Ventilation - Anatomy & Physiology|inhaled]] and passes through the upper respiratory tract | + | Air is [[Ventilation - Anatomy & Physiology|inhaled]] and passes through the upper respiratory tract via the nares, [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]], [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]], [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]], and [[Trachea - Anatomy & Physiology|trachea]]; it is heated and moistened en route. It then passes to the lower respiratory tract traveling through the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]] via the [[Bronchi and Bronchioles - Anatomy & Physiology|bronchi, bronchioles]] and [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|alveoli]] where oxygen diffuses across the alveolar wall and into the blood, forming oxyhaemoglobin. The active process of continuous [[Gas Exchange - Anatomy & Physiology|gas exchange]] in the lungs is known as [[Ventilation - Anatomy & Physiology|ventilation]]. |
| − | + | Other associated structures of veterinary interest within the respiratory tract include the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]], the [[Pleural Cavity and Membranes - Anatomy & Physiology|pleural cavity & membranes]] and the [[Guttural Pouches - Anatomy & Physiology|guttural pouches]]. | |
| − | + | ==Cardiovascular System== | |
| − | + | Blood, which has been oxygenated by the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]], flows through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium of the [[Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|heart]] and subsequently to the left ventricle from which it is ejected by the heart during ventricular systole. Oxygenated blood is then distributed to the different parts of the body via the aorta. The distribution of blood is controlled by vascular tone which dictates the degree of perfusion of capillary beds and therefore the amount of oxygen available to the various tissues. Carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration is removed from the tissues and transported either attached to proteins, in solution or as bicarbonate via the venous system to the vena cava and ultimately to the right atrium. The movement of venous blood is a product of blood flow, vascular valves and muscular and respiratory function. Carbon dioxide rich blood enters the right ventricle and is then pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. The arteries, veins and capillaries are collectively referred to as the [[Vascular System - Anatomy & Physiology|vascular system]]. | |
| − | + | ==Integration== | |
| − | + | The function of the cardiac and respiratory systems are tightly linked and regulated to maintain blood pressure, tissue oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal. Cardiac function is controlled by baroreceptors (pressure receptors) which result in changes to the heart rate, contractility and vascular tone. Respiratory function is controlled centrally by chemoreceptors to maintain rate and both centrally and locally to maintain bronchiolar tone. | |
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| − | [[ | + | {{Learning |
| + | |videos =[[Video: A guide to the cardiorespiratory examination of small animals|A guide to the cardiorespiratory examination of small animals]]<br>[[Video: Equine thoracic cavity dissection|Equine thoracic cavity dissection]]<br>[[Video: Ovine right-sided abdominal and thoracic dissection|Ovine right-sided abdominal and thoracic dissection]]<br>[[Video: Ovine left-sided abdominal and thoracic dissection|Ovine left-sided abdominal and thoracic dissection]]<br>[[Video: Ovine thoracic cavity dissection|Ovine thoracic cavity dissection]]<br>[[Video: Lateral view of the feline thorax and abdomen potcast|Lateral view of the feline thorax and abdomen potcast]] | ||
| + | |OVAM = [[Cardiovascular System Vetlogic Quiz|Cardiovascular System Quiz]]<br>[http://www.um.es/anatvet/interactividad/ingles/avispi/practicas/practica1.htm Dissection plans of the canine thoracic cavity] | ||
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00916.asp Vascular ring anomalies] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| − | + | {{Chapter}} | |
| − | + | {{Mansonchapter | |
| − | + | |chapterlink = http://www.mansonpublishing.co.uk/book-images/9781840761535_sample.pdf | |
| − | + | |chaptername = Normal Cardiovascular System | |
| − | + | |book = Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine | |
| − | + | |author = Wendy A. Ware | |
| − | + | |isbn = 9781840761535 | |
| − | + | }} | |
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| − | * | + | ==References== |
| + | *{{citation|initiallast = McGeady|initialfirst = T.A|2last = Quinn|2first = P.J|3last = FitzPatrick|3first = E.S|finallast = Ryan|finalfirst = M.T|year = 2006|title = Veterinary Embryology|city = Oxford|pub =Blackwell Publishing}} | ||
| + | *{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}} | ||
| − | + | {{OpenPages}} | |
| − | + | [[Category:Respiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Cardiovascular System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | |
| − | + | [[Category:Cardiology Section]] | |
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Revision as of 20:14, 17 May 2016
Introduction
The mammalian cardiovascular and respiratory systems have evolved primarily to provide the tissues of the body with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide. The cardiorespiratory system also has metabolic and heat exchange roles.
Respiratory System
Air is inhaled and passes through the upper respiratory tract via the nares, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea; it is heated and moistened en route. It then passes to the lower respiratory tract traveling through the lungs via the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli where oxygen diffuses across the alveolar wall and into the blood, forming oxyhaemoglobin. The active process of continuous gas exchange in the lungs is known as ventilation.
Other associated structures of veterinary interest within the respiratory tract include the paranasal sinuses, the pleural cavity & membranes and the guttural pouches.
Cardiovascular System
Blood, which has been oxygenated by the lungs, flows through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium of the heart and subsequently to the left ventricle from which it is ejected by the heart during ventricular systole. Oxygenated blood is then distributed to the different parts of the body via the aorta. The distribution of blood is controlled by vascular tone which dictates the degree of perfusion of capillary beds and therefore the amount of oxygen available to the various tissues. Carbon dioxide produced from cellular respiration is removed from the tissues and transported either attached to proteins, in solution or as bicarbonate via the venous system to the vena cava and ultimately to the right atrium. The movement of venous blood is a product of blood flow, vascular valves and muscular and respiratory function. Carbon dioxide rich blood enters the right ventricle and is then pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. The arteries, veins and capillaries are collectively referred to as the vascular system.
Integration
The function of the cardiac and respiratory systems are tightly linked and regulated to maintain blood pressure, tissue oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal. Cardiac function is controlled by baroreceptors (pressure receptors) which result in changes to the heart rate, contractility and vascular tone. Respiratory function is controlled centrally by chemoreceptors to maintain rate and both centrally and locally to maintain bronchiolar tone.
| Cardiorespiratory System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology Learning Resources | |
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 To reach the Vetstream content, please select |
Canis, Felis, Lapis or Equis |
 Selection of relevant videos |
A guide to the cardiorespiratory examination of small animals Equine thoracic cavity dissection Ovine right-sided abdominal and thoracic dissection Ovine left-sided abdominal and thoracic dissection Ovine thoracic cavity dissection Lateral view of the feline thorax and abdomen potcast |
 Anatomy Museum Resources |
Cardiovascular System Quiz Dissection plans of the canine thoracic cavity |
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References
- McGeady, T.A., Quinn, P.J., FitzPatrick, E.S. and Ryan, M.T. (2006) Veterinary Embryology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
- Dyce, K.M., Sack, W.O. and Wensing, C.J.G. (2002) Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.
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