Changes

==Indications for Exploratory Laparotomy==

==Indications for Exploratory Laparotomy==

Exploratory laparotomy may be required in the donkey, as in the horse, for emergency or elective purposes, such as surgical [[Colic - Donkey|colic]], caesareans, and uro-genital surgery.

Exploratory laparotomy may be required in the donkey, as in the horse, for emergency or elective purposes, such as surgical [[Colic - Donkey|colic]], caesareans, and uro-genital surgery.

As discussed, [[Colic - Donkey|colic]] in the donkey, especially [[Impaction Colic - Donkey|impaction colic]], may present with more subtle clinical signs than in a horse. However, acute signs of pain with nasogastric reflux and distended viscera are occasionally seen, and may indicate prompt surgical intervention. It is important to make an assessment of '''triglyceride levels and pancreatic enzymes''' as speedily as possible, as concurrent [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|hyperlipaemia]] and/or [[Pancreatitis - Donkey|pancreatitis]] will reduce the prognosis even if recognised and treated. '''Pancreatitis''' can present with signs of peracute pain in the anterior abdomen, which may be exacerbated by external ballotment behind the ventral sternum. In addition, peritoneal tap samples may show high levels of [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]], amylase and lipase.

As discussed, [[Colic - Donkey|colic]] in the donkey, especially [[Impaction Colic - Donkey|impaction colic]], may present with more subtle clinical signs than in a horse. However, acute signs of pain with nasogastric reflux and distended viscera are occasionally seen, and may indicate prompt surgical intervention. It is important to make an assessment of '''triglyceride levels and pancreatic enzymes''' as speedily as possible, as concurrent [[Hyperlipaemia - Donkey|hyperlipaemia]] and/or [[Pancreatitis - Donkey|pancreatitis]] will reduce the prognosis even if recognised and treated. '''Pancreatitis''' can present with signs of peracute pain in the anterior abdomen, which may be exacerbated by external ballotment behind the ventral sternum. In addition, peritoneal tap samples may show high levels of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], amylase and lipase.

==Examination==

==Examination==

We have used  

We have used  

*flank laparatomy for unilateral ovarian removal

*flank laparotomy for unilateral ovarian removal

* paramedian approach for cryptorchidism  

* paramedian approach for cryptorchidism  

* ventral abdominal approach for colic and caesarean operations

* ventral abdominal approach for colic and caesarean operations

|linkpage =Surgery - Donkey

|linkpage =Surgery - Donkey

|linktext =Surgery - Donkey

|linktext =Surgery - Donkey

|pagetype=Donkey

|pagetype=Donkey

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}}