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| | *Respiratory noise | | *Respiratory noise |
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| − | ===Epistaxis===
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| − | *Haemorrhage from the nose
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| − | *May originate from nasopharynx or lower respiratory tract
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| − | *Causes
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| − | **Inflammation eg: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|ulcerative rhinitis]]
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| − | **Neoplasia eg: [[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|infiltrating tumour]], haemangioma
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| − | **Trauma
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| − | **Clotting defects
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| − | *'''Horse''':
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| − | **[[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|Nasal aspergillosis]]
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| − | **[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|Ethmoidal haematoma]] = 'Haemorrhagic nasal polyp', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery.
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| − | ***Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma.
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| − | **[[Lungs Circulatory - Pathology#Pulmonary haemorrhage|Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage]]
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| − | **Rupture of rectus capitus - profuse haemorrhage
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| − | **[[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|Mycotic infection of guttural pouches]]
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| − | **Nasolacrimal haemorrhage
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| − | **Nasal/pharyngeal trauma/foreign body
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| − | **[[Paranasal Sinuses Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Sinus neoplasia]]
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| − | **[[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Nasal and paranasal sinus cysts|Sinus cyst]]
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| − | **[[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|Sinusitis]]
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| − | **Lower airway disease
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| − | **[[Lungs Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology|Pulmonary neoplasia]]
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| − | **Cardiac
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| − | ***Mitral insufficiency
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| − | ***Atrial fibrillation
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| − | **Skeletal
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| − | ***Head trauma
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| − | **Rarely hypertension or vascular aneurysms
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| − | *Blood stained nose at post-mortem - terminal pulmonary congestion, oedema, haemorrhage
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