Difference between revisions of "Systemic Mycoses - Flashcards"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
(27 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | ==<font color=" | + | {{toplink |
− | + | |backcolour = f5fffa | |
− | | | + | |linkpage =Systemic Mycoses |
− | | | + | |linktext =SYSTEMIC MYCOSES |
− | *Non-contageous | + | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs |
− | *Pulmonary mycosis | + | |subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS |
− | *Respiratory infection | + | |pagetype =Bugs |
− | | | + | }} |
− | | | + | ==<font color="purple">Adiaspiromycosis</font>== |
− | | | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" |
− | *Rodents | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
− | *Small animals | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
− | | | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
− | </ | + | |- |
+ | |<big>'''What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?''' | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *'''''Non-contageous''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Pulmonary mycosis''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Respiratory infection''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Adiaspiromycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>'''Which animals are mostly affected?''' | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *'''''Rodents''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Small animals''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Adiaspiromycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ==<font color=" | + | ==<font color="purple">Aspergillosis</font>== |
− | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
− | < | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
− | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' | |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections''' |
− | | | + | ||<big>Aspergiollosis is found <font color="white">'''''worldwide'''''</font>. It is widely present in <font color="white">'''''nature'''''</font> and can colonise a <font color="white">'''''wide'''''</font> range of substrates under <font color="white">'''''different'''''</font> environmental conditions. It is abundant in <font color="white">'''''hay, straw'''''</font> and <font color="white">'''''grain'''''</font> which have <font color="white">'''''heated'''''</font> during storage. |
− | *Diarrhoea | + | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Listlessness | + | |- |
− | *Pyrexia | + | |<big>'''What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?''' |
− | *Loss of appetite | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Loss of condition | + | *'''''Diarrhoea''''' |
− | *Convulsions | + | *'''''Listlessness''''' |
− | *Death | + | *'''''Pyrexia''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Loss of appetite''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Loss of condition''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Convulsions''''' |
− | *Up to 2mm in diameter | + | *'''''Death''''' |
− | *Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre | + | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Miliary lesions in acute infections | + | |- |
− | *Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections | + | |<big>'''What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Up to 2mm in diameter''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre''''' |
− | *Gutteral pouch mycosis | + | *'''''Miliary lesions in acute infections''''' |
− | *Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD) | + | *'''''Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections''''' |
− | *Mycotic abortion | + | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *White colonies initially | + | *'''''Gutteral pouch mycosis''''' |
− | *Colonies turn green and then dark green | + | *'''''Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)''''' |
− | *Flat and velvety | + | *'''''Mycotic abortion''''' |
− | *Colony colour varies with species | + | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Surgery | + | *'''''White colonies initially''''' |
− | *Antifungal drugs | + | *'''''Colonies turn green and then dark green''''' |
− | *Ketoconazole | + | *'''''Flat and velvety''''' |
− | *Nystatin | + | *'''''Colony colour varies with species''''' |
− | *Amphotericin B | + | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *5-fluorocytosine | + | |- |
− | *Thiabendazole | + | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | </ | + | *'''''Surgery''''' |
+ | *'''''Antifungal drugs''''' | ||
+ | **'''''Ketoconazole''''' | ||
+ | **'''''Nystatin''''' | ||
+ | **'''''Amphotericin B''''' | ||
+ | **'''''5-fluorocytosine''''' | ||
+ | **'''''Thiabendazole''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ==<font color=" | + | ==<font color="purple">Blastomycosis</font>== |
− | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
− | *Respiratory infection | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
− | *Lesions start in the lungs | + | |- |
− | *Haematogenous dissemination | + | |<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?''' |
− | *Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Fatal if not treated | + | *'''''Respiratory infection''''' |
− | *Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules | + | *'''''Lesions start in the lungs''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Haematogenous dissemination''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Fatal if not treated''''' |
− | *Cream coloured | + | *'''''Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules''''' |
− | *Waxy | + | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Crinkled | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''What do colonies look like on Blood agar?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Cream coloured''''' |
− | *Grey coloured | + | *'''''Waxy''''' |
− | *Moist | + | *'''''Crinkled''''' |
− | *White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black | + | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Clinical signs | + | *'''''Grey coloured''''' |
− | *Complement fixation test | + | *'''''Moist''''' |
− | *ELISA | + | *'''''White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black''''' |
− | *Counterimmunoelectrophoresis | + | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Amphotericin B | + | *'''''Clinical signs''''' |
− | *Imidazoles | + | *'''''Complement fixation test''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''ELISA''''' |
− | </ | + | *'''''Counterimmunoelectrophoresis''''' |
+ | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection?''' | ||
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *'''''Amphotericin B''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Imidazoles''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ==<font color=" | + | ==<font color="purple">Coccidioidomycosis</font>== |
− | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
− | *Arid | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
− | *Dusty | + | |- |
− | *E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA | + | |<big>'''What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Arid''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Dusty''''' |
− | *Respiratory infection | + | *'''''E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA''''' |
− | *Causes localised nodules and granulomas | + | ||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs | + | |- |
− | *Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones | + | |<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Respiratory infection''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Causes localised nodules and granulomas''''' |
− | *Clinical signs | + | *'''''Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs''''' |
− | *Complement fixation test | + | *'''''Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones''''' |
− | *Latex agglutination | + | ||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Immunodiffusion | + | |- |
− | *A positive skin test indicates exposure | + | |<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | </ | + | *'''''Clinical signs''''' |
+ | *'''''Complement fixation test''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Latex agglutination''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Immunodiffusion''''' | ||
+ | *'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ==<font color=" | + | ==<font color="purple">Entomophthoromycisus</font>== |
− | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
− | *Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
− | *Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue''''' |
− | *Surgical excision | + | *'''''Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes''''' |
− | *Amphotericin B | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Ketoconazole | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection?''' |
− | </ | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
+ | *'''''Surgical excision''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Amphotericin B''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Ketoconazole''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | + | ==<font color="purple">Histoplasmosis</font>== | |
− | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
− | ==<font color=" | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
− | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' | |
− | | | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
− | | | + | |- |
− | *False | + | |<big>'''True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores''' |
− | *Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''False''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory''''' |
− | | | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Reticuloendothelial | + | |- |
− | *Pulmonary | + | |<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are affected?''' |
− | *Intestinal | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Reticuloendothelial''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Pulmonary''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Intestinal''''' |
− | *Macrophages | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Clinical signs | + | *'''''Macrophages''''' |
− | *Complement fixation test | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion | + | |- |
− | *Immunodiffusion | + | |<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?''' |
− | *A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection) | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Clinical signs''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Complement fixation test''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion''''' |
− | *Amphotericin B | + | *'''''Immunodiffusion''''' |
− | *If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given | + | *'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)''''' |
− | *In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | </ | + | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection?''' |
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *'''''Amphotericin B''''' | ||
+ | *'''''If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given''''' | ||
+ | *'''''In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | ==<font color=" | + | ==<font color="purple">Zygomycosis</font>== |
− | + | {| border="3" cellpadding="8" | |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Question''' |
− | | | + | !width="400"|'''Answer''' |
− | *Mucor | + | !width="150"|'''Article''' |
− | *Absidia | + | |- |
− | *Rhizopus | + | |<big>'''Which fungi cause zygomycosis?''' |
− | *Mortierella | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Mucor''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Absidia''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Rhizopus''''' |
− | *Infection is through inhalation and ingestion | + | *'''''Mortierella''''' |
− | *Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous | + | |- |
− | *Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers | + | |<big>'''Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?''' |
− | *Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised) | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate | + | *'''''Infection is through inhalation and ingestion''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers''''' |
− | *Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes | + | *'''''Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)''''' |
− | *Stomach ulcers | + | *'''''Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate''''' |
− | *Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''Where do lesions occur in pigs?''' |
− | | | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | *Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes | + | *'''''Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes''''' |
− | *Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum | + | *'''''Stomach ulcers''''' |
− | *Can contaminate the placenta | + | *'''''Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver''''' |
− | | | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | | | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''Where do lesions occur in cattle?''' |
− | *True | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | | | + | *'''''Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum''''' |
− | | | + | *'''''Can contaminate the placenta''''' |
− | *Amphotericin B | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] |
− | *Surgical excision | + | |- |
− | | | + | |<big>'''True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants''' |
− | < | + | ||<font color="white"> <big> |
− | < | + | *'''''True''''' |
− | + | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection''' | |
+ | ||<font color="white"> <big> | ||
+ | *'''''Amphotericin B''''' | ||
+ | *'''''Surgical excision''''' | ||
+ | ||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | ||
+ | |} |
Revision as of 13:37, 18 August 2010
|
Adiaspiromycosis
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Which animals are mostly affected? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Aspergillosis
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections | Aspergiollosis is found worldwide. It is widely present in nature and can colonise a wide range of substrates under different environmental conditions. It is abundant in hay, straw and grain which have heated during storage. | Link to Answer Article |
What are the clinical signs of infection in birds? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Blastomycosis
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
What do colonies look like on Blood agar? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you diagnose an infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you treat an infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Coccidioidomycosis
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
What environmental conditions does Coccidioides immitis prefer? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you diagnose an infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Entomophthoromycisus
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you treat an infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Histoplasmosis
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Which organs/bodily systems are affected? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you diagnose an infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you treat an infection? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Zygomycosis
Question | Answer | Article |
---|---|---|
Which fungi cause zygomycosis? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Where do lesions occur in pigs? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
Where do lesions occur in cattle? |
|
Link to Answer Article |
True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants |
|
Link to Answer Article |
How would you treat an infection |
|
Link to Answer Article |