Difference between revisions of "Parascaris equorum"

Latest revision as of 17:49, 4 June 2016

Parascaris equorum
Class	Nematoda
Super-family	Ascaridoidea
Species	Parascaris equorum

Introduction

Parascaris equorum - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

P. equorum is a nematode that primarily affects younger horses, usually under two years of age, as their immune response is not as developed as older horses.

Predilection site: Small intestine

Hosts

Horses and donkeys.

Identification

P. equorum is a large stout nematode, with the female capable of growing up to 40cm in length. The adults have a mouth surrounded by three large lips. The egg is spherical, brown and has a thick outer shell.

Life-Cycle

The adults live unattached in the small intestine. In heavy infections, they may form large balls, which can cause intestinal obstruction. Under optimal conditions L2 can develop in 14 days. The host ingests the embryonated egg. L2 larvae then pass through the intestinal wall, and transform into L3. The larvae then migrate to the liver via the hepatic portal vein, where they stay for around a week. They enter the vena cava and travel to the pulmonary alveoli, where they transform to L4.

The larvae travel up bronchi to the trachea and are coughed up and swallowed. Finally they return to the stomach and small intestine, where they mature into adults.

The prepatent period of P. equorum is 10-16 weeks.

May cause Ascarid Impaction in horses.

Parascaris equorum Learning Resources
Vetstream To reach the Vetstream content, please select	Canis, Felis, Lapis or Equis
Flashcards Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions	Horse Nematode Flashcards
Literature Search Search for recent publications via CAB Abstract (CABI log in required)	Parascaris equorum publications

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+{{OpenPagesTop}}
+{{Taxobox
+|name               = ''Parascaris equorum
+|kingdom            =
+|phylum             =
+|class              = [[Nematodes|Nematoda]]
+|sub-class          =
+|order              =
+|super-family       = [[:Category:Ascaridoidea|Ascaridoidea]]
+|family             =
+|sub-family         =
+|genus              =
+|species            = ''Parascaris equorum
+}}
+==Introduction==
 [[Image:Parascaris equorum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 [[Image:Parascaris equorum2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 [[Image:Parascaris equorum3.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
 [[Image:Parascaris equorum4.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Parascaris equorum'' - Joaquim Castellà Veterinary Parasitology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]
-====Introduction====
+''P. equorum'' is a [[Nematodes|nematode]] that primarily affects younger horses, usually under two years of age, as their immune response is not as developed as older horses.
-''P. equorum'' is a nematode that primarily affects younger horses, usually under two years of age, as their immune response is not as developed as older horses.
-==== Morphology ====
-*Stout worms, up to 50cm long.
-*Three large lips around mouth.
-==== Life-Cycle ====
+Predilection site: '''Small intestine
-The adults live unattached in the small intestine.  In heavy infections, they may form large balls, which can cause intestinal obstruction.  Under optimal conditions L2 can develop in 14 days.  The host ingests the embryonated egg.  L2 larvae then pass through the intestinal wall, and transfrom into L3.  They then migrate to the liver via the hepatic portal vein, where they stay for around a week.  They then enter the vena cava and travel to the pulmonary alveoli, where they transform to L4.
-They then travel up bronchi to the trachea and are coughed up and swallowed.  They then return to the stomach and small intestine, where they mature into adults.
+==Hosts==
+Horses and donkeys.
-The prepatent period of ''P. equorum'' is 10-16 weeks.
+==Identification==
+''P. equorum'' is a large stout nematode, with the female capable of growing up to 40cm in length.  The adults have a mouth surrounded by three large lips.  The egg is spherical, brown and has a thick outer shell.
-==== Pathogenicity ====
+== Life-Cycle ==
-*''Larvae'' - eosinophilic tracts and haemorrhages in liver and lungs. Clinically, latter may lead to cough and nasal discharge.
+The adults live unattached in the small intestine.  In heavy infections, they may form large balls, which can cause intestinal obstruction.  Under optimal conditions L2 can develop in 14 days.  The host ingests the embryonated egg.  L2 larvae then pass through the intestinal wall, and transform into L3.  The larvae then migrate to the liver via the hepatic portal vein, where they stay for around a week.  They enter the vena cava and travel to the pulmonary alveoli, where they transform to L4.
-*''Adult worms'' - may cause unthriftiness, weight loss; impaction and intestinal perforation rarely.
-==== Epidemiology ====
+The larvae travel up bronchi to the trachea and are coughed up and swallowed.  Finally they return to the stomach and small intestine, where they mature into adults.
-'''High Fecundity of Female ''Parascaris''''':
-*Infected foal may pass millions of eggs per day.
-'''Resistance of Eggs in Environment''':
+The prepatent period of ''P. equorum'' is 10-16 weeks.
-*Thick, pitted shell ensures prolonged survival (>1year).
-*Sticky outer shell aids passive spread.
-'''Susceptible Animals''':
+May cause [[Ascarid Impaction - Horse|'''Ascarid Impaction''']] in horses.
-*Foals (<4months) - transmission from one year's foals to the next, infection normally occurring during the first month of life.
-*Adult horses - few worms only (carriers?).
-==== Control ====
+{{Learning
-*Regular anthelmintic treatment.
+|flashcards = [[Horse_Nematode_Flashcards|Horse Nematode Flashcards]]
-*Remove faeces from paddocks - collect every 2weeks (takes 2weeks to reach L2 stage).
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Parascaris+equorum%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=32&y=11&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Parascaris equorum'' publications]
+|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=nematode Nematodes]
+}}
+{{review}}
-*Causes transient [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|nasal discharge]] when migrating through [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|lungs]]
+{{OpenPages}}
-**Foals and weanlings
 [[Category:Ascaridoidea]][[Category:Horse_Nematodes]]
-[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
+[[Category:Expert_Review]]
+[[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]]

Difference between revisions of "Parascaris equorum"

Latest revision as of 17:49, 4 June 2016

Contents

Introduction

Hosts

Identification

Life-Cycle

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