Difference between revisions of "Cryptococcosis"

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*Over 19 species
 
*Over 19 species
**''C. neoformans'' only major pathogen
+
**''[[Cryptococcus neoformans|Cryptococcus neoformans]]'' only major pathogen
  
 
*Worldwide
 
*Worldwide
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*May be a primary pathogen or opportunistic
 
*May be a primary pathogen or opportunistic
  
*Targets the [[Cardiorespiratory System - Anatomy & Physiology|respiratory system]]
+
*Targets the [[Cardiorespiratory System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|respiratory system]]
**Including the [[Paranasal sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]]
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**Including the [[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]]
 
**Also can be systemic, cutaneous, visceral, skeletal or ocular
 
**Also can be systemic, cutaneous, visceral, skeletal or ocular
  
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*Affects the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Central Nervous System (CNS)|CNS]] of dogs and cats
 
*Affects the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Central Nervous System (CNS)|CNS]] of dogs and cats
**[[Paranasal sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] can be infected with dissemination to the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Central Nervous System (CNS)|CNS]] and other tissues
+
**[[Paranasal Sinuses - Anatomy & Physiology|paranasal sinuses]] and [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] can be infected with dissemination to the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Central Nervous System (CNS)|CNS]] and other tissues
***E.g. [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|Lungs]], [[Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Kidney|kidneys]] and [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology|joints]]
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***E.g. [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|Lungs]], [[Urinary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology#The Kidney|kidneys]] and [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology|joints]]
 
**Also causes subcutaneous granulomas
 
**Also causes subcutaneous granulomas
 
**The tip of the nose is a common site of infection in cats
 
**The tip of the nose is a common site of infection in cats
 
***See [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#In Cats|here]]
 
***See [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#In Cats|here]]
  
*Causes myxoma-like lesions of the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lung]] and [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lip]] in horses
+
*Causes myxoma-like lesions of the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lung]] and [[Lips|lip]] in horses
  
 
*Causes cryptococcal meningitis in humans
 
*Causes cryptococcal meningitis in humans
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*Antigen and antibody should be tested for as [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] formed by the body is soon overwhelmed and neutralised by abundent polysaccharide antigen from the capsule in active, systemic infections
 
*Antigen and antibody should be tested for as [[Immunoglobulins|antibody]] formed by the body is soon overwhelmed and neutralised by abundent polysaccharide antigen from the capsule in active, systemic infections
**Latex agglutination for [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood#Actions of the Adaptive Immune System|antigen]], complement fixation, ELISA and IFAT can be used
+
**Latex agglutination for [[Adaptive Immune System - Overview#Actions of the Adaptive Immune System|antigen]], complement fixation, ELISA and IFAT can be used
  
 +
{{Learning
 +
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Disease/dis02453 Cryptococcosis - Felis]
 +
|flashcards = [[Yeast-like_Fungi_-_Flashcards#Cryptococcosis|Cryptococcosis Flashcards]]
 +
}}
  
  
===''Cryptococcus neoformans''===
 
 
*[[Yeast-like fungi|''Cryptococcus neoformans'']]
 
*Causes a [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|granulomatous rhinitis]], gelatinous exudate, [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Granulomatous pneumonia|granulomatous pneumonia]]
 
*Nodules or destructive masses which often result in facial swelling
 
*In severe cases, extension from nasal cavity to involve skin and oral mucosa can occur
 
*Can invade through adjacent structures, eg: through the cribiform plate into the brain! These cases therefore can present as a primary neurological disease.
 
*Microscopic:
 
**Large number of fungi and only few macrophages, lymphocytes and giant cells
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Yeast-like_Fungi]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Fungi]]
 
 
[[Category:Respiratory Fungal Infections]]
 
[[Category:Respiratory Fungal Infections]]

Latest revision as of 09:31, 19 January 2016

  • Worldwide
  • Occurs in high concentrations in pigeon droppings (high creatinine concentration)
    • The pigeon is not infected
    • C. neoformis colonise the droppings after they have been excreted
    • Also found in fruit, milk and soil
  • Exogenous, inhaled infection which is generally sporadic (non-contageous)
    • Can also be absorbed via skin penetration and ingestion
  • May be a primary pathogen or opportunistic
  • Causes sporadic mastitis in cattle
    • Can spread within the herd
  • Affects the CNS of dogs and cats
  • Causes myxoma-like lesions of the lung and lip in horses
  • Causes cryptococcal meningitis in humans
  • Also affects dolphins, foxes, ferrets, monkeys, birds, cheetahs and guinea-pigs
  • Large yeast with capsule seen using India ink stain
  • Stains with PAS (Periodic acis Schiff)
  • Gram positive
  • Grows on blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar forming white, granular colonies which become slimy, mucoid and turn creamy/brown within a week
  • Species identified by carbohydrate assimilation tests
  • Antigen and antibody should be tested for as antibody formed by the body is soon overwhelmed and neutralised by abundent polysaccharide antigen from the capsule in active, systemic infections
    • Latex agglutination for antigen, complement fixation, ELISA and IFAT can be used


Cryptococcosis Learning Resources
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Cryptococcosis Flashcards