Difference between revisions of "Peritonitis"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
*Strongyle migration in horses | *Strongyle migration in horses | ||
*[[Trematodes|Fasciola hepatica]] - lesions around [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] | *[[Trematodes|Fasciola hepatica]] - lesions around [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] | ||
− | *See [[Peritoneal Cavity Parasitic | + | *See [[Peritoneal Cavity - Parasitic Pathology|Peritoneal Cavity Parasitic]] |
===Sequelae to peritonitis=== | ===Sequelae to peritonitis=== | ||
Line 97: | Line 97: | ||
*In foals purulent peritonitis may be caused by [[Rhodococcus equi|''Rhodococcus equi'']] or fibrinous peritonitis by ''[[Actinobacillus equuli]]'' | *In foals purulent peritonitis may be caused by [[Rhodococcus equi|''Rhodococcus equi'']] or fibrinous peritonitis by ''[[Actinobacillus equuli]]'' | ||
*Haemorrhage as a consequence of castration may result in acute non-septic | *Haemorrhage as a consequence of castration may result in acute non-septic | ||
− | *Secondary to [[Peritoneal Cavity Parasitic | + | *Secondary to [[Peritoneal Cavity - Parasitic Pathology|verminous lesions]] |
Revision as of 15:10, 10 June 2010
Classification
Image of acute fibrinous peritonitis from Cornell Veterinary Medicine
- Usually secondary to other abdominal pathology but may be primary
- Localised or diffuse
- Acute (increased fluid in abdominal cavity and roughening of serosal surface of abdominal organs and parietal peritoneum) or chronic (fibrous adhesions involving any of abdominal organs and omentum/mesentery/peritoneum)
- Septic or non-septic
- Types of exudate
- Sero-fibrinous e.g. Glasser’s disease (Haemophilus parasuis) in pigs
- Fibrinopurulent e.g. after gut rupture, systemic infection (pasteurellosis in sheep)
- Purulent e.g. Rhodococcus equi in foals
- Haemorrhagic e.g. splenic rupture
- Granulomatous e.g. Nocardia in dogs
Causes of peritonitis
Chemical
Image of bile stained peritonitis in a cat from Cornell Veterinary Medicine
e.g.:
- Bile
- Urine
- Pancreatic enzymes (acute pancreatic necrosis)
- Barium if allowed to leak into peritoneal cavity (causes potentially fatal haemorrhagic peritonitis)
- Surgical glove powder (granulomatous peritonitis)
- Chyle (mild granulomatous serositis)
Bacterial
e.g.:
- Penetrating wound
- Gut rupture
- Surgery
- Inflammatory focus e.g. abscess, bacteraemia
- Umbilicus
- Gangrenous intestine or uterus prior to rupture
Viral
Image of FIP by Cornell Veterinary Medicine
e.g.
- Feline infectious peritonitis - in “wet” (effusive) form, sero-fibrinous fluid with high protein (Ig content), tags of fibrin attach to peritoneum and organs
Parasites
e.g.
- Strongyle migration in horses
- Fasciola hepatica - lesions around liver
- See Peritoneal Cavity Parasitic
Sequelae to peritonitis
- Hypermotility initially → hypomotility
- Ileus - reduces distribution of exudates by intestinal motility
- Fibrinous adhesions may develop
- Impaired CV function and acid-base imbalance
- Due to sequestration of fluid and protein in exudate, hypomotile gut, bacterial exo/endotoxins absorbed directly from peritoneal cavity and causing vascular permeability, loss of intestinal absorption
- May resolve, become chronic-active or lead to adhesions.
In dogs
- Fibrinohaemorrhagic peritonitis in infectious canine hepatitis
- Septic peritonitis caused by various agents, often Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria through perforation of the gut, rupture of urinary bladder or an abscess
- Putrid peritonitis in uterine rupture with pyometra or septic metritis
- Nocardia infection reults in profuse pink/red fluid due to blood and chronic inflammatory cells
- Granulomatous peritonitis caused by fungi, Nocardia and Actinomyces
In cats
- Putrid peritonitis in uterine rupture due to pyometra or fetal putrefaction
- Peritonitis due to penetrating wounds
- Septic peritonitis due to anaerobes in cat bite abscesses
- Serous peritonitis in cats with feline infectious peritonitis especially in the wet form but exudate occurs also in the dry form
- Viscous, clear, pale to deep yellow fluid, may contain strands of fibrin
In horses
Image of acute fibrinous peritonitis in a horse from Cornell Veterinary Medicine
- Diffuse acute peritonitis often fatal
- Mostly caused by rupture of stomach or intestine
- In foals purulent peritonitis may be caused by Rhodococcus equi or fibrinous peritonitis by Actinobacillus equuli
- Haemorrhage as a consequence of castration may result in acute non-septic
- Secondary to verminous lesions
In cattle
- Perforation of an abdominal organ, usually reticulum or [[uterus, results in acute diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis or local acute and chronic, with adhesions
- Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (hardware disease) may evolve into reticulopericarditis
- Local chronic peritonitis, abscesses containing usually Actinomyces pyogenes
- Fibrinopurulent peritonitis through umbilical infection in calves
- Fibrinous peritonitis in calves with septicaemic colibacillosis
- Serofibrinous peritonitis in sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis
- Diffuse fibrinohaemorrhagic peritonitis in clostridial haemoglobinuria
- Localised peritonitis in clostridial enterotoxaemia (Clostridium perfringens types B and C and braxy)
In sheep
- Fibrinopurulent peritonitis in postpartum septic metritis
- Serofibrinous peritonitis in diseases caused by Mycoplasma
- In penetration of intestines by larvae of Oesophagostomum columbianum
In goats
- Acute fibrinous peritonintis caused by Mycoplasma mycoides
In pigs
- Diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis in infections by Actinomyces pyogenes, Escherichia coli or other organisms
- Serofibrinous peritonitis in Glasser’s disease Haemophilus parasuis or Mycoplasma or septicaemias caused by Streptococcus suis type 2
- Acute gelatinous haemorrhagic peritonitis in Anthrax