Changes

** '''Humoral factors'''

** '''Humoral factors'''

*** Lysozyme

*** Lysozyme

*** [[Complement - WikiBlood|Complement]]

*** [[Complement|Complement]]

*** Interferons

*** Interferons

** '''Cellular mechanisms'''

** '''Cellular mechanisms'''

** The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria helps to protect them

** The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria helps to protect them

===[[Complement - WikiBlood|Complement]]===

===[[Complement|Complement]]===

* The Complement system is a group of about 30 proteins within the body fluids of all vertebrates and some invertebrates

* The Complement system is a group of about 30 proteins within the body fluids of all vertebrates and some invertebrates

* Complement promotes '''phagocytosis''' or causes lysis of an invading organism

* Complement promotes '''phagocytosis''' or causes lysis of an invading organism

=Innate Immunity to Bacteria=

=Innate Immunity to Bacteria=

[[Image:Bacterial innate response.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bacterial responses - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Bacterial innate response.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bacterial responses - B. Catchpole, RVC 2008]]

The innate response to bacterial infection lies in its first-response role of detection of a foreign organism.  By using the above described tools of Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs), the innate response flags up problems while the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood|adaptive]] response gets itself organized.  Once a foreign organism is detected, the innate system responds by engaging in cell warfare via phagocytosis and triggering the [[Inflammation - WikiBlood|inflammatory]] response.  The release of inflammatory [[Cytokines - WikiBlood|cytokines]] will cause an increase in vasodilation, vascular permeability and an influx of white blood cells.  Neutrophils take on their primary role as phagocytes in this phase.  In addition, systemic effects of inflammatory cytokines will sustain a rise in core temperature (fever), the release of acute phase proteins from the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]], and bone marrow mobilization as the need for white blood cells production is increased.  Acute phase proteins will bind to bacterial cell walls, enhancing neutrophil, macrophage, and [[Complement - WikiBlood|complement]]-initiated phagocytosis.

The innate response to bacterial infection lies in its first-response role of detection of a foreign organism.  By using the above described tools of Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRRs), the innate response flags up problems while the [[Adaptive Immune System - WikiBlood|adaptive]] response gets itself organized.  Once a foreign organism is detected, the innate system responds by engaging in cell warfare via phagocytosis and triggering the [[Inflammation - WikiBlood|inflammatory]] response.  The release of inflammatory [[Cytokines - WikiBlood|cytokines]] will cause an increase in vasodilation, vascular permeability and an influx of white blood cells.  Neutrophils take on their primary role as phagocytes in this phase.  In addition, systemic effects of inflammatory cytokines will sustain a rise in core temperature (fever), the release of acute phase proteins from the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]], and bone marrow mobilization as the need for white blood cells production is increased.  Acute phase proteins will bind to bacterial cell walls, enhancing neutrophil, macrophage, and [[Complement|complement]]-initiated phagocytosis.

=[[Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity - WikiBlood|Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity]]=

=[[Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity - WikiBlood|Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity]]=