Difference between revisions of "Lizard Blood Values"

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==Introduction==
+
Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before the animals are presented for sickness. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.
Baseline [[Lizard and Snake Haemotology|haematology]] and [[Lizard and Snake Biochemistry|biochemistry]] values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before an animal is presented in ill health. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.
 
 
 
  
 
==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')==
 
==Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the [[Green Iguana|green iguana]] (''Iguana iguana'')==
  
Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine in lizards|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase - Reptiles|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.
+
Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was [[Lizard Blood Collection|collected]] from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, [[Creatinine|creatinine]] and [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] were considered poor diagnostic parameters.
  
  
Line 19: Line 17:
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total RBC count (x 10^12/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total RBC count (x 10^12/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.0-1.9
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.0-1.9
 
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Total protein (g/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Total protein|Total protein]] (g/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-78
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 50-78
 
|-
 
|-
Line 27: Line 24:
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.25-0.38
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.25-0.38
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Albumin (g/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 21-28
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 21-28
 
|-
 
|-
Line 39: Line 36:
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 165-305
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 165-305
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Uric acid (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70-140
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70-140
 
|-
 
|-
Line 51: Line 48:
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 20-38
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 20-38
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| ALT (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-68  
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-68  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 60: Line 57:
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-52
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 5-52
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Heterophils (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.35-5.2
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.35-5.2
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|  
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|  
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| GGT (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| GGT (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0-3
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0-3
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Azurophils (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-1.7
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-1.7
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
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|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.7-8.6
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.7-8.6
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Lymphocytes (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.5-5.5  
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.5-5.5  
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
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|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.6-7.8  
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.6-7.8  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Eosinophils (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.3
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.3
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Glucose (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9.4-16.0
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9.4-16.0
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Monocytes (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.1
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.1
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Calcium (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.2-3.5
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2.2-3.5
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Basophils (x 10^9/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.5  
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.0-0.5  
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
|bgcolor="#66FF99"|
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| Phosphorus (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.5-3.0  
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.5-3.0  
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
+
===References===
References
 
  
 
*Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.
 
*Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.
Line 145: Line 140:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 28 (17-56)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 28 (17-56)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14-16
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14-16
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| WBC (x 10^9/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12.4 (3.9-22.4)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 12.4 (3.9-22.4)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9 (4.3-15.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9 (4.3-15.0)
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Heterophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 37 (16-58)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 37 (16-58)
 
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Azurophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (8-42)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (8-42)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lymphocytes (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (2-40)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 (2-40)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-55
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Eosinophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4(0-18)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4(0-18)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Monocytes (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.6 (0-6)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.6 (0-6)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Basophils (%)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (%)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15 (4-26)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15 (4-26)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| rare
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| rare
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|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ALT (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-90  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35-90  
Line 208: Line 202:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 179 (34-400)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 179 (34-400)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Bilirubin total (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Bilirubin|Bilirubin]] total (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4-1.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4-1.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.2 (0.1-0.5)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.2 (0.1-0.5)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| BUN (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6-15
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6-15
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 (1-5)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2 (1-5)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 (11-21)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 (11-21)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9-13
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9-13
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11 (8-30)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11 (8-30)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chloride (mEq/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride|Chloride]] (mEq/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 (123-129)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 (123-129)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 102-125
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 102-125
Line 233: Line 227:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 243 (100-399)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 243 (100-399)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Creatine kinase (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Creatine kinase|Creatine kinase]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 210 (27-940)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 210 (27-940)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4500 (700-14.240)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4500 (700-14.240)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Creatinine (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Creatinine|Creatinine]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.1-0.7
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.1-0.7
Line 248: Line 242:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glucose (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 100 (70-122)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 100 (70-122)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 197-280
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 197-280
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 355 (255-575)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 355 (255-575)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| LDH (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-400
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150-400
Line 263: Line 257:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phosphorus (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.7 (2.8-6.7)  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.7 (2.8-6.7)  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-6.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-6.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.5 (2.8-10.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.5 (2.8-10.0)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Potassium (mEq/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium|Potassium]] (mEq/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6 (1.4-5.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6 (1.4-5.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6-5.2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6-5.2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 (0.4-7.0)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 (0.4-7.0)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Protein total (g/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Total protein|Protein total]] (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.5 (5-8)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.5 (5-8)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-5.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-5.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8 (2.4-5.4)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8 (2.4-5.4)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Albumin (g/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-1.6
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-1.6
Line 293: Line 287:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7 (1.0-2.3)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7 (1.0-2.3)
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Sodium (mEq/l)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium|Sodium]] (mEq/l)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 158 (145-167)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 158 (145-167)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 140-158
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 140-158
Line 303: Line 297:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Uric acid (mg/dl)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (mg/dl)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6 (<0.3-3.1)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6 (<0.3-3.1)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-6.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.8-6.0
Line 309: Line 303:
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
+
===References===
 
+
*Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.
 
 
References
 
*Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.=
 
 
*Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
 
*Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
 
*Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.
 
*Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.
Line 333: Line 324:
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.84-1.93
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.84-1.93
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Total protein (g/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Total protein|Total protein]] (g/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42 - 76
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42 - 76
 
|-
 
|-
Line 339: Line 330:
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 7.68-19.99
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 7.68-19.99
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Albumin (g/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Albumin|Albumin]] (g/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 33
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 33
 
|-
 
|-
Line 363: Line 354:
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42.4 - 88.2
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42.4 - 88.2
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Uric acid (umol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]] (umol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 180 - 325
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 180 - 325
 
|-
 
|-
Line 369: Line 360:
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 271-342
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 271-342
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Calcium (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Calcium|Calcium]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.48-3.43
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.48-3.43
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Heterophils (x 10^9)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]] (x 10^9)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.0-7.23
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2.0-7.23
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
Line 378: Line 369:
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 15 - 247
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 15 - 247
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Eosinophils (x 10^9)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Eosinophils|Eosinophils]] (x 10^9)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12-1.67
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12-1.67
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
Line 384: Line 375:
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0-1
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0-1
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Lymphocytes (x 10^9)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]] (x 10^9)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.92-8.34
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.92-8.34
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| LDH (iu/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Lactate dehydrogenase|LDH]] (iu/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42-392
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 42-392
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Monocytes (x 10^9)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]] (x 10^9)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12 0.57
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.12 0.57
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Sodium (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Sodium|Sodium]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 136 - 169
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 136 - 169
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Basophils (x 10^9)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Basophils|Basophils]] (x 10^9)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.00-26.3
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.00-26.3
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Potassium|Potassium]] (mmol/l)
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Potassium (mmol/l)
 
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.1-5.1
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 3.1-5.1
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Azurophils (x 10^9)  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]] (x 10^9)  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.40-3.23
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.40-3.23
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Chloride (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Chloride|Chloride]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 114 - 130
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 114 - 130
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Thrombocytes  
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Thrombocytes|Thrombocytes]] 
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
 
|bgcolor="#9999FF"|  
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| Phosphorus (mmol/l)
+
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]] (mmol/l)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.35-2.91
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.35-2.91
 
|}
 
|}
 
  
 
==Bosc [[Monitor|monitor]] blood values==
 
==Bosc [[Monitor|monitor]] blood values==
Line 435: Line 424:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-35%
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 20-35%
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| uric acid
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid|uric]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 90-300
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| sodium
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium|sodium]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 145-190
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 145-190
 
|-
 
|-
Line 444: Line 433:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3-10
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3-10
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Ca
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium|Ca]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.1-3.2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.1-3.2
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| K
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium|K]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.2-4.3  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.2-4.3  
 
|-
 
|-
Line 456: Line 445:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-2.5
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-2.5
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Cl
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride|Cl]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 142-155
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 142-155
 
|-
 
|-
Line 480: Line 469:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glu
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glu]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.6
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.6
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
Line 513: Line 502:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|}
 
|}
 
  
 
==Haematology and biochemistry of the inland [[Bearded Dragon|bearded dragon]] (''Pogona vitticeps'')==
 
==Haematology and biochemistry of the inland [[Bearded Dragon|bearded dragon]] (''Pogona vitticeps'')==
  
'''Haematology for 21 inland bearded dragons.'''
+
Haematology for 21 inland bearded dragons.
  
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
Line 533: Line 521:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.736-19.946
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.736-19.946
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Heterophils  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Heterophils|Heterophils]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27
Line 545: Line 533:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.619-7.339  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.619-7.339  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Lymphocytes  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 59
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 59
Line 557: Line 545:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.012-12.033
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.012-12.033
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Monocytes
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Monocytes|Monocytes]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1
Line 569: Line 557:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-0.499  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-0.499  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Basophils
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Basophils|Basophils]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9
Line 578: Line 566:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10^3/ul
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.125
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.125
 
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.729
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.729
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.205-3.191  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.205-3.191  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Azurophils  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Azurophils|Azurophils]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4
Line 594: Line 581:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-1.085  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0-1.085  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Hematocrit  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Hematocrit
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| %
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27  
Line 613: Line 600:
 
|}
 
|}
  
 +
Plasma chemistry values of inland bearded dragons (''Pogona vitticeps'').
  
'''Plasma chemistry values of inland bearded dragons (''Pogona vitticeps'').'''
+
Sample size for the WBC and differential, TS, PCV glucose, uric acid, calcium, and phosphorus was 21; for cholesterol, sodium, chloride, potassium, BUN, ALT and AST, sample size was 20.
  
*Sample size for the WBC and differential, TS, PCV glucose, uric acid, calcium, and phosphorus was 21; for cholesterol, sodium, chloride, potassium, BUN, ALT and AST, sample size was 20.
+
All values of ALT were < 3 iu/L, with the exception of one value of 5. NA = not applicable.
*All values of ALT were < 3 iu/L, with the exception of one value of 5. NA = not applicable.
 
  
  
Line 628: Line 615:
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Glucose
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Glucose|Glucose]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/I
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/I
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11.7  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11.7  
Line 640: Line 627:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 139-291
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 139-291
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| BUN
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]]
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.7  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.7  
Line 646: Line 633:
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <0.7-1.4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <0.7-1.4
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| <1-2
 
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Uric acid
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Uric acid|Uric acid]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 310
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 150
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 95-678
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.2
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.6-11.4
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Calcium|Calcium]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.95
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.95
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.2-6.8
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 11.8
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.8
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 8.6-27.2
 
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Phosphorus
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Phosphorus|Phosphorus]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.9
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.61
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.1-3.2
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.9
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.9
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.5-9.8
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Cholesterol
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Cholesterol
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 17.4
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 5.92
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 8.07-31.7
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Alanine aminotransferase|ALT]]
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 +
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mg/dl
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 671
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 229
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 312-1224
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| ALT
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| iu/l
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| < 3
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| NA
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| < 3-5
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| AST
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| AST
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| iu/l
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 9
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4-40
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Sodium
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Sodium|Sodium]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 153
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 15
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 141-190
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Chloride  
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Chloride|Chloride]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 123
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 80-140
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
|-
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Potassium
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| [[Potassium|Potassium]]
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| mmol/l or mEq/l
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.6
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.7
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.0-6.5
 
|-
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium:Phosphorus
 
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.2
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|   
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.8
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.9-3.8
 
|}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
References
 
* Eliman, M.M. (1997). Hematology and plasma chemistry of the inland bearded dragon, ''Pogona vitticeps''. In Bulletin of the Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians 7(4).=
 
 
 
==[[Prehensile-tailed Skink|Prehensile-tailed skink]] (''Corucia zebrata'')==
 
 
 
ISIS values, International units
 
 
 
===Haematology===
 
 
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| WBC
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| RBC count
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Hb
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| PCV
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| MCV
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| MCH
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| MCHC
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 13.68 - 6.333
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 1.50 - 0.26
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 89 - 19
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.333 - 0.073
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 249.0 - 104.0
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 70.1 - 18.7
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 279 - 71
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 37 - 33
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 26 - 24
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 27 - 24
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 38 - 35
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 26 - 24
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 17 - 15
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 25 - 23
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Range: min - max
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 3.930 - 31.60
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.84 - 1.93
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 36 - 116
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 0.190 - 0.600
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 152.0 - 600.0
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 42.4 - 110.7
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"|
 
|}
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
===Differential===
 
 
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Heterophils
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Lymphocytes
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Monocytes
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Eosinophils
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Basophils
 
 
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Azurophils
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Thrombocytes
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 4.711 - 2.053
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 4.792 - 3.817
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.307 - 0.246
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.878 - 0.877
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.720 - 1.919
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.861 - 0.831
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 37 - 33
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 37 - 33
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 13
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 22 - 20
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 34 - 31
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 13 - 13
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Range: min - max
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 1.010 - 12.00
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.332 - 16.50
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.079 - 0.948
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.125 - 3.160
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.104
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0.400 - 3.232
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|}
 
 
 
===Chemistry===
 
 
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Calcium
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Phosphorus
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Sodium
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Potassium
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Chloride
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Iron
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.03 - 0.4
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 1.23 - 0.32
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 161 - 8
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4.1 - 1.0
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 124 - 6
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 32
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 31 - 29
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 31
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 31
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 25 - 23
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Range: min - max
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.48 - 4.15
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.78 - 2.13
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 138 - 178
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 2.6 - 7.3
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 114 - 140
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
 
|}
 
 
 
 
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"|
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Magnesium
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| HCO3
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| BUN
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Creatinine
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Uric Acid
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Glucose
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22.3 - 7.2
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| .0000 - .0000
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 27 - 18
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.124 - 0.071
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 6.215 - 1.485
 
 
|-
 
|-
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| No. of samples (individuals)
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| Calcium:Phosphorus
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4 - 2
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 10 - 8
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 19 - 17
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 34 - 31
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 31
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFFF99"| Range: min - max
 
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|  
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13.1 - 30.7
+
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"|
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| .0000 - .3570
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0 - 62
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 0.018 - 0.325
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 3.850 - 10.95
 
|}
 
 
 
 
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"|
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Cholesterol
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Triglycerides
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| CK
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| LDH
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALP
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| ALT
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 3.094 - 1.534
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| .9020 - .9020
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 226 - 212
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 149 - 122
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 126 - 32
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 7 - 3
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 36 - 32
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 12 - 10
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 25 - 21
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 9 - 9
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 14 - 14
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 15 - 14
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#66FF99"| Range: min - max
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| .7800 - 6.552
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| .3080 - 3.509
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 27 - 940
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 42 - 392
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 90 - 207
 
|bgcolor="#CCFFCC"| 2 - 12
 
 
|}
 
|}
 
 
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"|
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| AST
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| GGT
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Tot Bilirubin
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| D Bilirubin
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Ind Bilirubin
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Fibrinogen
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 18 - 18
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0 - 0
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2 -2
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 30 - 27
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 8 - 8
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 18 - 16
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#9999FF"| Range: min - max
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 2 - 76
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0 - 1
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"| 0 - 7
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|bgcolor="#CCCCFF"|
 
|}
 
 
 
===Electrophoresis===
 
 
{| border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all"; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
 
|+
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"|
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Osmolarity
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Globulin
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Albumin
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Total protein
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Mean +/- s.d.
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 360 - 17
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 35 - 9
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 22 - 5
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 60 - 10
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| No. of samples (individuals)
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 4 - 2
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14 -14
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 14 - 14
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 19 - 17
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="#FFCC99"| Range: min - max
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 335 - 373
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 19 - 54
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 13 - 33
 
|bgcolor="#FFFFCC"| 42 - 76
 
|}
 
 
{{review}}
 
{{OpenPages}}
 
[[Category:Lizard_Diagnostics|B]]
 
[[Category:Haematology Reference Ranges]]
 
[[Category:Biochemistry Reference Ranges]]
 

Revision as of 20:20, 24 March 2010



Baseline haematology and biochemistry values of 'normals' must be established per patient and per laboratory. It is very useful to establish normals for individual patients at the time of regular health checks before the animals are presented for sickness. Values may vary depending on season, breeding condition and diet. The following values have been taken from various sources and reflect the laboratory methods as well as the individual species. Caution is advised when using these values for the interpretation of your own patients' blood results.

Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Ten wild caught iguanas were blood sampled as part of a health assessment prior to introduction to an existing group. The iguanas were manually restrained by holding the forelimbs laterally against their chest and the hindlimbs against the tail. Blood was collected from the ventral tail vein and placed in lithium heparin. A fresh blood smear was made at the time of collection. Urea, creatinine and LDH were considered poor diagnostic parameters.


Haematology Values Biochemistry Values
Total RBC count (x 10^12/l) 1.0-1.9 Total protein (g/l) 50-78
PCV (l/l) 0.25-0.38 Albumin (g/l) 21-28
Hb (g/dl) 6.0-10.0 Globulin (g/l) 25-43
MCV (fl) 165-305 Uric acid (mmol/l) 70-140
MCH (pg) 48-78 ALP (iu/l) 50-290
MCHC (g/dl) 20-38 ALT (iu/l) 5-68
Total WBC count (x 10^9/l) 3-10 AST (iu/l) 5-52
Heterophils (x 10^9/l) 0.35-5.2 GGT (iu/l) 0-3
Azurophils (x 10^9/l) 0.0-1.7 Cholesterol (mmol/l) 2.7-8.6
Lymphocytes (x 10^9/l) 0.5-5.5 Triglycerides (mmol/l) 0.6-7.8
Eosinophils (x 10^9/l) 0.0-0.3 Glucose (mmol/l) 9.4-16.0
Monocytes (x 10^9/l) 0.0-0.1 Calcium (mmol/l) 2.2-3.5
Basophils (x 10^9/l) 0.0-0.5 Phosphorus (mmol/l) 1.5-3.0

References

  • Divers, S. (1996). Normal haematology & plasma biochemistry values in the green iguana. British Veterinary Zoological Society, Summer newsletter 1996:5-6.

Haematology and biochemistry of selected lizards (American units)

Prehensile-tailed skink (Corucia sp.) Green iguana (Iguana iguana) Iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis)
Haematology
PCV (%) 35 (24-60) 45-52
RBC(10^12/l) 1.5 (0.8-1.4) 3.5-5.8
Hb (g/dl) 9.6 (7.4-11.6) 7.1
MCV (fl) 263 (152-600) 78-149
MCH (pg) 69 (42-111) 12-20
MCHC (g/dl) 28 (17-56) 14-16
WBC (x 10^9/l) 12.4 (3.9-22.4) 9 (4.3-15.0)
Heterophils (%) 37 (16-58) 5-55
Azurophils (%) 22 (8-42)
Lymphocytes (%) 22 (2-40) 35-55
Eosinophils (%) 4(0-18) 2
Monocytes (%) 0.6 (0-6) <4
Basophils (%) 15 (4-26) rare
Biochemistry
ALT (iu/l) 35-90 13 (3-38)
AP (iu/l) 30-95 14 (4-30)
AST (iu/l) 19 (<4-76) 20-65 179 (34-400)
Bilirubin total (mg/dl) 0.4-1.0 0.2 (0.1-0.5)
BUN (mg/dl) 6-15 2 (1-5)
Calcium (mg/dl) 13 (11-21) 9-13 11 (8-30)
Chloride (mEq/l) 124 (123-129) 102-125 120 (12-155)
Cholesterol (mg/dl) 144 (11-252) 210 (110-250) 243 (100-399)
Creatine kinase (iu/l) 210 (27-940) 90-300 4500 (700-14.240)
Creatinine (mg/dl) 0.1-0.7 0.5 (0.2-1.8)
GGT (iu/l)
Glucose (mg/dl) 100 (70-122) 197-280 355 (255-575)
LDH (iu/l) 150-400 789 (145-2915)
Magnesium (mEq/l) 0.9
Phosphorus (mg/dl) 3.7 (2.8-6.7) 3.5-6.0 5.5 (2.8-10.0)
Potassium (mEq/l) 3.6 (1.4-5.0) 3.6-5.2 2.6 (0.4-7.0)
Protein total (g/dl) 6.5 (5-8) 2.8-5.0 3.8 (2.4-5.4)
Albumin (g/dl) 1.0-1.6 2.3 (1.6-3.0)
Globulin (g/l) 1.5 (0.8-2.4)
a:g ratio 1.7 (1.0-2.3)
Sodium (mEq/l) 158 (145-167) 140-158 164 (137-245)
Thyroxine (ìg/dl) 1.5-4.6
Uric acid (mg/dl) 1.6 (<0.3-3.1) 2.8-6.0 5.6 (2.4-13.3)

References

  • Wright, K.M. & Skeba, S. (1992). Hematology and plasma chemistries of captive prehensile-tailed skinks (Corucia zebrata). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 23:429-432.
  • Carpenter, J.W., Mashima, T.Y. & Rupiper, D.J. (1996). Exotic Animal Formulary. Greystone Publications, Kansas. Pp. 74-76.
  • Kopplin, R.P., Tarr, R.S. & Iverson, C.N.M. (1983). Serum profile of the iguanid lizard (Dipsosaurus dorsalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 14:30-32.

Haematology and biochemistry of chameleons

  • 38 samples from 35 individuals – 8 institutions
  • ISIS values
  • International units
Haematology Values Biochemistry Values
RBC (x10^12) 0.84-1.93 Total protein (g/l) 42 - 76
WBC (x10^9) 7.68-19.99 Albumin (g/l) 13 - 33
PCV (l/l) 0.19-0.40 Urea (mmol/l) 1.1-5.3
Haemaglobin (g/l) 3.6-11.6 ALK (iu/l) 10-207
MCV (fl) 145 - 353 Cholesterol (mmol/l) 3.09-6.53
MCH (pg) 42.4 - 88.2 Uric acid (umol/l) 180 - 325
MCHC (g/dl) 271-342 Calcium (mmol/l) 2.48-3.43
Heterophils (x 10^9) 2.0-7.23 AST (iu/l) 15 - 247
Eosinophils (x 10^9) 0.12-1.67 GOT (iu/l) 0-1
Lymphocytes (x 10^9) 0.92-8.34 LDH (iu/l) 42-392
Monocytes (x 10^9) 0.12 0.57 Sodium (mmol/l) 136 - 169
Basophils (x 10^9) 0.00-26.3 Potassium (mmol/l) 3.1-5.1
Azurophils (x 10^9) 0.40-3.23 Chloride (mmol/l) 114 - 130
Thrombocytes Phosphorus (mmol/l) 1.35-2.91

Bosc monitor blood values

Anecdotal information - International units

CBC Values Biochemistry Values Electrolytes Values
PCV 20-35% uric 90-300 sodium 145-190
WBC 3-10 Ca 2.1-3.2 K 3.2-4.3
PO 1.1-2.5 Cl 142-155
AST 20-140
TP 55-85
Glu 3.5-9.6
Amylase 150-700
Chol 2.5-7.5
Trig 1.0-4.5

Haematology and biochemistry of the inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

Haematology for 21 inland bearded dragons.

Unit Mean SD Range
WBC 10^3/ul 12.053 4.084 6.736-19.946
Heterophils % 27 8 17-43
10^3/ul 3.325 1.634 1.619-7.339
Lymphocytes % 59 7 47-69
10^3/ul 7.053 2.410 4.012-12.033
Monocytes % 1 1 0-4
10^3/ul 0.105 0.163 0-0.499
Basophils % 9 4 2-18
10^3/ul 1.125 0.729 0.205-3.191
Azurophils % 4 2 0-9
10^3/ul 0.414 0.288 0-1.085
Hematocrit % 27 7 17-50
Total solids g/dl 6.6 1.2 4.5-9.5
g/l 66 12 45-95

Plasma chemistry values of inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Sample size for the WBC and differential, TS, PCV glucose, uric acid, calcium, and phosphorus was 21; for cholesterol, sodium, chloride, potassium, BUN, ALT and AST, sample size was 20.

All values of ALT were < 3 iu/L, with the exception of one value of 5. NA = not applicable.


Unit Mean SD Range
Glucose mmol/I 11.7 2.2 7.72-16.2
mg/dl 210 40 139-291
BUN mmol/l 0.7 0.2 <0.7-1.4
Uric acid
Calcium
Phosphorus
Cholesterol
ALT
AST
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
Calcium:Phosphorus