Difference between revisions of "Respiratory Viral Infections"
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| + | {{review}} | ||
| − | # | + | {{toplink |
| + | |backcolour = D1EEEE | ||
| + | |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology | ||
| + | |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System | ||
| + | |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
| + | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
| + | |sublink1=Respiratory System Inflammation - Pathology | ||
| + | |subtext1=RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFLAMMATION | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | ==In general== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Some viruses are thought to induce modifications of the pulmonary defences by: | ||
| + | **Damaging the upper respiratory tract, thereby facilitating bacterial attachment and colonisation, with reduced [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Mucociliary escalator|mucociliary clearance]] | ||
| + | **Decreasing surfactant levels by destroying Type 2 pneu[[Monocytes|monocytes]] | ||
| + | **Impairing the phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==In Dogs== | ||
| + | [[Canine Distemper Virus]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Canine Parainfluenza - 2]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Infectious Canine Tracheitis|Infectious canine tracheitis]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Canine Adenovirus 1]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Canine Adenovirus 2]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Canine Herpesvirus 1]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Canine Respiratory Coronavirus]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==In Cats== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Feline Herpesvirus 1|Feline viral rhinotracheitis]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Feline Calicivirus]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==In Horses== | ||
| + | [[Image:Equine respiratory viruses concept map.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Equine respiratory viruses Concept Map (Courtesy of B. Stanikova)</center></small>]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Equine rhinovirus]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Equine Influenza|Equine influenza]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Equine Rhinopneumonitis]] === | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Equine Viral Arteritis]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Equine Adenovirus]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[African Horse Sickness]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Hendra Virus]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==In Cattle== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Bovine Parainfluenza - 3]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Bovine adenovirus]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Bovine rhinovirus]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==In Sheep== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Maedi - Visna]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Parainfluenza -3=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *As in [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Parainfluenza- 3|cattle]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Sheep Pulmonary Adenomatosis]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==In Goats== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Caprine Arthrirtis Encephalitis Virus]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==In Pigs== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Porcine Cytomegalovirus]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Swine Influenza|Swine influenza]]=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *The syndrome is caused by a small enveloped RNA virus which belongs to the new [[Arteriviridae|Arteriviridae]] group | ||
| + | *Replicates in and destroys macrophages and endothelial cells causing vasculitis -> viraemia -> virus shedding (nasal secretions, faeces) | ||
| + | *Clinical signs: respiratory and reproductive failure, weaned pigs, tachypnoea, eyelid oedema, conjunctivitis | ||
| + | *Moderate to severe interstitial [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in the cranial lobe | ||
| + | *Superimposed bacterial infections are common | ||
| + | *Infectious disease in swine that emerged 10 years ago | ||
| + | *Today, PRRS is endemic in many if not all the pig-producing countries | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Caused by a [[Circoviridae|porcine circovirus]] alone or in combination with [[Parvoviridae|porcine parvovirus]] | ||
| + | *May cause mild [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Interstitial pneumonia|interstitial pneumonia]], failure of lungs to collpse on opening the thoracic cavity | ||
| + | *Microscopically: thickening of alveolar wall due to type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===[[Porcine respiratory coronavirus]]=== | ||
Revision as of 12:16, 30 June 2010
 |
This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing. |
|
In general
- Some viruses are thought to induce modifications of the pulmonary defences by:
- Damaging the upper respiratory tract, thereby facilitating bacterial attachment and colonisation, with reduced mucociliary clearance
- Decreasing surfactant levels by destroying Type 2 pneumonocytes
- Impairing the phagocytic ability of alveolar macrophages
In Dogs
Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
In Cats
Feline viral rhinotracheitis
Feline Calicivirus
In Horses
Equine rhinovirus
Equine influenza
Equine Rhinopneumonitis
Equine Viral Arteritis
Equine Adenovirus
African Horse Sickness
Hendra Virus
In Cattle
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Bovine Parainfluenza - 3
Bovine adenovirus
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Bovine rhinovirus
In Sheep
Maedi - Visna
Parainfluenza -3
- As in cattle
Sheep Pulmonary Adenomatosis
In Goats
Caprine Arthrirtis Encephalitis Virus
In Pigs
Swine influenza
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
- The syndrome is caused by a small enveloped RNA virus which belongs to the new Arteriviridae group
- Replicates in and destroys macrophages and endothelial cells causing vasculitis -> viraemia -> virus shedding (nasal secretions, faeces)
- Clinical signs: respiratory and reproductive failure, weaned pigs, tachypnoea, eyelid oedema, conjunctivitis
- Moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia in the cranial lobe
- Superimposed bacterial infections are common
- Infectious disease in swine that emerged 10 years ago
- Today, PRRS is endemic in many if not all the pig-producing countries
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)
- Caused by a porcine circovirus alone or in combination with porcine parvovirus
- May cause mild interstitial pneumonia, failure of lungs to collpse on opening the thoracic cavity
- Microscopically: thickening of alveolar wall due to type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia