Difference between revisions of "Endocrine System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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==Introduction==
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Comprised of a group of duct-less glands with limited or no anatomical contact with each other, the endocrine system integrates and controls metabolic activity through the secretion of [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] into the [[Vascular System - Anatomy & Physiology|vascular system]]. These hormones may have their effects on tissues and organs far from where they were produced. 
  
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The endocrine system integrates with, and is under the control of the [[Nervous and Special Senses - Anatomy & Physiology#Nervous System|nervous system]] with close association between the [[Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|hypothalamus]] and the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|pituitary gland]], which acts to co-ordinate many of the body's other endocrine glands. The system relies largely on [[Negative Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|negative feedback]] loops to maintain homeostasis, with some examples of [[Positive Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|positive feedback]] to elicit suitable responses.
  
==The Endocrine System==
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Many of the endocrine glands have a similar basic structure, composed of clusters of secretory cells of epithelial origin.  Hormones are secreted into the interstitial space whereby they are rapidly absorbed into the [[Vascular System - Anatomy & Physiology|vascular system]].  In contrast the [[Exocrine - Anatomy & Physiology|exocrine]] system utilises ducts enabling it to secrete its contents directly to its target area.
  
Comprised of a group of [[Endocrine System - Endocrine Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|glands]], the endocrine system secretes [[Endocrine System - Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] into the bloodstream which may have their effects on tissues and organs far from where they were produced. 
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==The Endocrine Glands==
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*[[Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]]
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*[[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]]
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*[[Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Thyroid Gland]]
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*[[Parathyroid Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|Parathyroid Glands]]
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*[[Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|Adrenal Glands]]
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*[[Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pineal Gland]]
  
The endocrine system consists of cells and tissues that have no direct anatomical contact with eachother but still function as a unit. The function of the endocrine system is to integrate with the nervous system to control the physiology of the body systems.
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==Tissues and organs with endocrine functions==
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*[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine Function|Pancreas]]
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*[[Gut Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Gut]]
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*[[Kidney Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Kidney]]
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*[[Heart Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Heart]]
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*[[Adipose Tissue Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Adipose Tissue]]
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*[[Liver Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Liver]]
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*[[Skin Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Skin]]
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*[[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|Thymus]]
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*[[Testes Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Testes]]
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*[[Ovaries Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovaries]]
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*[[Placenta Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]]
  
The endocrine system is under control of the nervous system with close association between the [[Endocrine System - Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]] and the [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]], which acts to co-ordinate many of the body's other endocrine glands. The system relies largely on [[Endocrine System - Negative Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|negative feedback]] loops to maintain homeostasis, with some examples of [[Endocrine System - Positive Feedback - Anatomy & Physiology|positive feedback]] to elicit suitable responses.
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==Homeostatic mechanisms under hormonal control==
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*[[Calcium|Calcium Homeostasis]]
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*[[Phosphorus|Phosphorus Homeostasis]]
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*[[Magnesium|Magnesium]]
  
Many of the endocrine glands have a similar basic structure, composed of clusters of secretory cells of epithelial origin.  Hormones are secreted into the interstitial space wherby they are rapidly absorbed into the circulatory system.  In contrast the exocrine system has a duct system and so can secrete its contents directly into its target area. 
 
  
Here we will consider the main endocrine glands and their functional anatomy and physiology:
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{{Template:Learning
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|flashcards = [[:Category:Endocrine System Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards|Endocrinology Flashcards]]
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|OVAM = [[Endocrine System Vetlogic Quiz|Endocrine System Quiz]]
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}}
  
<big>
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==Acknowledgements and Reference Material==
::[[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]]
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*{{citation|initiallast = Dyce|initialfirst = K.M|2last = Sack|2first = W.O|finallast = Wensing|finalfirst = C.J.G|year = 2002|title = Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy|ed =3rd|city = Philadelphia|pub = Saunders}}
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*{{citation|initiallast = Sjaastad|initialfirst = O.V|2last = Hove|2first = K|finallast = Sand|finalfirst = O|year = 2004|title = Physiology of Domestic Animals|city = Oslo|pub = Scandinavian Veterinary Press}}
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*Histology images provided by RVC
  
::[[Endocrine System - Thyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Thyroid Gland]]
 
  
::[[Endocrine System - Parathyroid Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Parathyroid Glands]]
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{{OpenPages}}
 
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[[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
::[[Endocrine System - Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|Adrenal Glands]]
 
 
 
::[[Endocrine System - Pineal Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pineal Gland]]
 
</big>
 
 
 
Endocrine functions of the following organs which have a partially endocrine function will be briefly covered:
 
<big>
 
::[[Endocrine System - Endocrine Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|Pancreas]]
 
 
 
::[[Endocrine System - Gut - Anatomy & Physiology|Gut]]
 
 
 
::[[Endocrine System - Kidney - Anatomy & Physiology|Kidney]]
 
 
 
::[[Endocrine System - Heart - Anatomy & Physiology|Heart]]
 
 
 
::[[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology#Endocrine|Thymus]]
 
 
 
::[[Endocrine System - Testes - Anatomy & Physiology|Testes]]
 
 
 
::[[Endocrine System - Ovaries - Anatomy & Physiology|Ovaries]]
 
 
 
::[[Endocrine System - Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|Placenta]]
 

Latest revision as of 19:19, 1 July 2014


Introduction

Comprised of a group of duct-less glands with limited or no anatomical contact with each other, the endocrine system integrates and controls metabolic activity through the secretion of hormones into the vascular system. These hormones may have their effects on tissues and organs far from where they were produced.

The endocrine system integrates with, and is under the control of the nervous system with close association between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, which acts to co-ordinate many of the body's other endocrine glands. The system relies largely on negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis, with some examples of positive feedback to elicit suitable responses.

Many of the endocrine glands have a similar basic structure, composed of clusters of secretory cells of epithelial origin. Hormones are secreted into the interstitial space whereby they are rapidly absorbed into the vascular system. In contrast the exocrine system utilises ducts enabling it to secrete its contents directly to its target area.

The Endocrine Glands

Tissues and organs with endocrine functions

Homeostatic mechanisms under hormonal control



Endocrine System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology Learning Resources
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Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Endocrinology Flashcards
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OVAM
Anatomy Museum Resources
Endocrine System Quiz


Acknowledgements and Reference Material

  • Dyce, K.M., Sack, W.O. and Wensing, C.J.G. (2002) Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.
  • Sjaastad, O.V., Hove, K. and Sand, O. (2004) Physiology of Domestic Animals. Oslo: Scandinavian Veterinary Press.
  • Histology images provided by RVC



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