Difference between revisions of "Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology"

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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Respiratory Bacterial Infections]]
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{{review}}
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{{toplink
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|backcolour = D1EEEE
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|linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology
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|linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
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|maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology
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|pagetype =Pathology
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|sublink1=Respiratory System Inflammation - Pathology
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|subtext1=RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFLAMMATION
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}}
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<br>
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==In general==
 +
 
 +
*Main clinical expression is as secondary invaders of previously damaged lung tissue due to viral or parasitic involvement or environmental stress
 +
*Some are initial pathogens in their own right while others can damage the tract allowing invasion by more pathogenic types
 +
 
 +
==In Dogs==
 +
[[Infectious Canine Tracheitis]]
 +
 
 +
===[[Tuberculosis - Dogs]]===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===[[Nocardiosis]]===
 +
 
 +
==In Cats==
 +
 
 +
===[[Chlamydiosis, Feline]] ===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===''[[Mycoplasma felis]]''===
 +
 
 +
==In Horses==
 +
 
 +
===[[Strangles]]===
 +
 
 +
===''[[Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus]]''===
 +
 
 +
===[[Glanders]]===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===''[[Rhodococcus equi]]''===
 +
 
 +
==In Cattle==
 +
 
 +
===[[Necrotic Laryngitis]]===
 +
 
 +
[[Cillia-associated Respiratory Bacillus]]
 +
 
 +
===[[Pneumonic Pasteurellosis]]===
 +
 
 +
===[[Tuberculosis - Cattle]]===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===[[Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia]] ===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Calves]]===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===[[Acute Exudative Pneumonia]]===
 +
 
 +
==In Sheep==
 +
 
 +
===[[Laryngeal Chondritis]]===
 +
 
 +
===''CAR bacillus''===
 +
 
 +
*As [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#CAR bacillus|in cattle]]
 +
 
 +
===[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Lambs]]===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===[[Melioidosis]] ===
 +
 
 +
==In Pigs==
 +
 
 +
===[[Atrophic Rhinitis]]===
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Necrotic laryngitis in pigs===
 +
*As [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Cattle|in cattle]]
 +
*Caused by infection with [[Fusobacterium|''Fusobacterium necrophorum'']]
 +
 
 +
===Enzootic pneumonia of pigs===
 +
[[Image:Enzootic pneumonia of pigs.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Enzootic pneumonia of pigs(Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
 +
 
 +
*Caused by ''[[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae]]'' and ''[[Mycoplasma hyorhinis]]''
 +
*Also called '''mycoplasmal pneumonia'''
 +
*Major cause of unthriftiness in young pigs
 +
*[[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|Pneumonia]] in weaned pigs
 +
*Cough, reduced growth rate
 +
*Attached to cilia - no [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Mucociliary escalator|mucociliary clearance]]
 +
*Usually non-fatal unless there is secondary infection (e.g. [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']])
 +
*Gross pathology:
 +
**Confluent consolidation of the cranioventral lung lobes
 +
**In other areas there may be small red to grey focal lesions evident which indicate the bronchiolar orientation of the inflammatory process
 +
*Histologically
 +
**Changes result from a catarrhal [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Bronchointerstitial pneumonia|bronchointerstitial pneumonia]]
 +
**In chronic cases, prominent accumulations of lymphoid cells can be seen around airways and blood vessels
 +
 
 +
===''Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae''===
 +
 
 +
*Causative agent: ''[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]]''
 +
*Expolsive outbreaks of [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]]
 +
*Spread by direct contact and aerosol
 +
*Lesions
 +
**Largely from toxin produced
 +
**In diphragmatic lobes of the lungs
 +
*Haemorrhage with [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|fibrinous pleuritis]]
 +
*Usually localised, sometimes generalised
 +
 
 +
===Pasteurellosis in pigs===
 +
 
 +
*[[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']] can cause a severe acute fibrinous [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in pigs
 +
*The most significant disease here is that caused by ''P. multocida'' secondary to underlying [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'' pneumonia]], see above [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|enzootic pneumonia of pigs]]
 +
**This results in chronic suppurative [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]]  with abscessation and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]]
 +
*If there is considerable pleural involvement, it may be indistinguishable from lesions caused by ''[[Haemophilus pleuropneumonia]]'' (below)
 +
*Also isolated from cases of meningitis and septicaemia in piglets
 +
 
 +
===Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia===
 +
 
 +
*Caused by [[Haemophilus pleuropneumonia|''Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumonia'']]
 +
*Seen mainly between 6wks-6mths of age but will affect any age
 +
*Highly pathogenic strains are capable of initiating disease on their own with high mortality in young pigs
 +
*A fibrinonecrotic [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] with [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleurisy]]
 +
*Foci of haemorrhagic consolidation or necrosis, mainly around major bronchi, tend to sequestrate
 +
*Tending to spread throughout all lung lobes: therefore a cranioventral distribution may not be particularly evident
 +
 
 +
===Glasser's disease===
 +
 
 +
*Caused by ''[[Haemophilus parasuis]]''
 +
*May cause suppurative [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]] (as part of polyserositis)
 +
*Stress of mixing, weaning and adverse environmental conditions are predisposing to the disease
 +
 
 +
===Streptococcal pneumonia===
 +
 
 +
*Caused by ''[[Streptococcus suis]]'' type II
 +
 
 +
===Tuberculosis in pigs===
 +
 
 +
*Pigs are susceptible to the [[:Category:Mycobacterium species|''Mycobacterium'' spp.]] causing tuberculosis [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|in cattle]]
 +
*Rarely extends to lungs after haematogenous spread from ingested bacteria causing tubercles with various degrees of calcification, encapsulation and caseation
 +
 
 +
==In Rabbits==
 +
 
 +
===Snuffles===
 +
 
 +
*Caused by [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']], less commonly and/or ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]''
 +
*Clinical signs (nasal discharge, sneezing) result from an acute to chronic [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|rhinitis]]
 +
 
 +
===''CAR bacillus''===
 +
 
 +
*As [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#CAR bacillus|in cattle]]

Revision as of 14:17, 30 June 2010

 This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.


WikiPathWikiPath Banner.png
()Map CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Map)
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFLAMMATION



In general

  • Main clinical expression is as secondary invaders of previously damaged lung tissue due to viral or parasitic involvement or environmental stress
  • Some are initial pathogens in their own right while others can damage the tract allowing invasion by more pathogenic types

In Dogs

Infectious Canine Tracheitis

Tuberculosis - Dogs

Nocardiosis

In Cats

Chlamydiosis, Feline

Mycoplasma felis

In Horses

Strangles

Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Glanders

Rhodococcus equi

In Cattle

Necrotic Laryngitis

Cillia-associated Respiratory Bacillus

Pneumonic Pasteurellosis

Tuberculosis - Cattle

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Enzootic Pneumonia - Calves

Acute Exudative Pneumonia

In Sheep

Laryngeal Chondritis

CAR bacillus

Enzootic Pneumonia - Lambs

Melioidosis

In Pigs

Atrophic Rhinitis

Necrotic laryngitis in pigs

Enzootic pneumonia of pigs

Enzootic pneumonia of pigs(Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)
  • Caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis
  • Also called mycoplasmal pneumonia
  • Major cause of unthriftiness in young pigs
  • Pneumonia in weaned pigs
  • Cough, reduced growth rate
  • Attached to cilia - no mucociliary clearance
  • Usually non-fatal unless there is secondary infection (e.g. Pasteurella multocida)
  • Gross pathology:
    • Confluent consolidation of the cranioventral lung lobes
    • In other areas there may be small red to grey focal lesions evident which indicate the bronchiolar orientation of the inflammatory process
  • Histologically
    • Changes result from a catarrhal bronchointerstitial pneumonia
    • In chronic cases, prominent accumulations of lymphoid cells can be seen around airways and blood vessels

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Pasteurellosis in pigs

Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia

  • Caused by Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumonia
  • Seen mainly between 6wks-6mths of age but will affect any age
  • Highly pathogenic strains are capable of initiating disease on their own with high mortality in young pigs
  • A fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia with pleurisy
  • Foci of haemorrhagic consolidation or necrosis, mainly around major bronchi, tend to sequestrate
  • Tending to spread throughout all lung lobes: therefore a cranioventral distribution may not be particularly evident

Glasser's disease

Streptococcal pneumonia

Tuberculosis in pigs

  • Pigs are susceptible to the Mycobacterium spp. causing tuberculosis in cattle
  • Rarely extends to lungs after haematogenous spread from ingested bacteria causing tubercles with various degrees of calcification, encapsulation and caseation

In Rabbits

Snuffles

CAR bacillus

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