Difference between revisions of "Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology"
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− | # | + | {{review}} |
+ | |||
+ | {{toplink | ||
+ | |backcolour = D1EEEE | ||
+ | |linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology | ||
+ | |linktext =Cardiorespiratory System | ||
+ | |maplink = Cardiorespiratory System (Content Map) - Pathology | ||
+ | |pagetype =Pathology | ||
+ | |sublink1=Respiratory System Inflammation - Pathology | ||
+ | |subtext1=RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFLAMMATION | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | ==In general== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Main clinical expression is as secondary invaders of previously damaged lung tissue due to viral or parasitic involvement or environmental stress | ||
+ | *Some are initial pathogens in their own right while others can damage the tract allowing invasion by more pathogenic types | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Dogs== | ||
+ | [[Infectious Canine Tracheitis]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Tuberculosis - Dogs]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Nocardiosis]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Cats== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Chlamydiosis, Feline]] === | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===''[[Mycoplasma felis]]''=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Horses== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Strangles]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===''[[Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus]]''=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Glanders]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===''[[Rhodococcus equi]]''=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Cattle== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Necrotic Laryngitis]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Cillia-associated Respiratory Bacillus]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Pneumonic Pasteurellosis]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Tuberculosis - Cattle]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia]] === | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Calves]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Acute Exudative Pneumonia]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Sheep== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Laryngeal Chondritis]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===''CAR bacillus''=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *As [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#CAR bacillus|in cattle]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Lambs]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Melioidosis]] === | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Pigs== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Atrophic Rhinitis]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Necrotic laryngitis in pigs=== | ||
+ | *As [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Cattle|in cattle]] | ||
+ | *Caused by infection with [[Fusobacterium|''Fusobacterium necrophorum'']] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs]]=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===''Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae''=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Causative agent: ''[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]]'' | ||
+ | *Expolsive outbreaks of [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] | ||
+ | *Spread by direct contact and aerosol | ||
+ | *Lesions | ||
+ | **Largely from toxin produced | ||
+ | **In diphragmatic lobes of the lungs | ||
+ | *Haemorrhage with [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|fibrinous pleuritis]] | ||
+ | *Usually localised, sometimes generalised | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Pasteurellosis in pigs=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *[[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']] can cause a severe acute fibrinous [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] in pigs | ||
+ | *The most significant disease here is that caused by ''P. multocida'' secondary to underlying [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'' pneumonia]], see above [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|enzootic pneumonia of pigs]] | ||
+ | **This results in chronic suppurative [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchopneumonia]] with abscessation and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]] | ||
+ | *If there is considerable pleural involvement, it may be indistinguishable from lesions caused by ''[[Haemophilus pleuropneumonia]]'' (below) | ||
+ | *Also isolated from cases of meningitis and septicaemia in piglets | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Caused by [[Haemophilus pleuropneumonia|''Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumonia'']] | ||
+ | *Seen mainly between 6wks-6mths of age but will affect any age | ||
+ | *Highly pathogenic strains are capable of initiating disease on their own with high mortality in young pigs | ||
+ | *A fibrinonecrotic [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] with [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleurisy]] | ||
+ | *Foci of haemorrhagic consolidation or necrosis, mainly around major bronchi, tend to sequestrate | ||
+ | *Tending to spread throughout all lung lobes: therefore a cranioventral distribution may not be particularly evident | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Glasser's disease=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Caused by ''[[Haemophilus parasuis]]'' | ||
+ | *May cause suppurative [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] and [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleuritis]] (as part of polyserositis) | ||
+ | *Stress of mixing, weaning and adverse environmental conditions are predisposing to the disease | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Streptococcal pneumonia=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Caused by ''[[Streptococcus suis]]'' type II | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Tuberculosis in pigs=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Pigs are susceptible to the [[:Category:Mycobacterium species|''Mycobacterium'' spp.]] causing tuberculosis [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|in cattle]] | ||
+ | *Rarely extends to lungs after haematogenous spread from ingested bacteria causing tubercles with various degrees of calcification, encapsulation and caseation | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Rabbits== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Snuffles=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Caused by [[Pasteurella multocida|''Pasteurella multocida'']], less commonly and/or ''[[Bordetella bronchiseptica]]'' | ||
+ | *Clinical signs (nasal discharge, sneezing) result from an acute to chronic [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology|rhinitis]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===''CAR bacillus''=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *As [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#CAR bacillus|in cattle]] |
Revision as of 14:18, 30 June 2010
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In general
- Main clinical expression is as secondary invaders of previously damaged lung tissue due to viral or parasitic involvement or environmental stress
- Some are initial pathogens in their own right while others can damage the tract allowing invasion by more pathogenic types
In Dogs
Tuberculosis - Dogs
Nocardiosis
In Cats
Chlamydiosis, Feline
Mycoplasma felis
In Horses
Strangles
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Glanders
Rhodococcus equi
In Cattle
Necrotic Laryngitis
Cillia-associated Respiratory Bacillus
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis
Tuberculosis - Cattle
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
Enzootic Pneumonia - Calves
Acute Exudative Pneumonia
In Sheep
Laryngeal Chondritis
CAR bacillus
- As in cattle
Enzootic Pneumonia - Lambs
Melioidosis
In Pigs
Atrophic Rhinitis
Necrotic laryngitis in pigs
- As in cattle
- Caused by infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum
Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- Causative agent: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- Expolsive outbreaks of pneumonia
- Spread by direct contact and aerosol
- Lesions
- Largely from toxin produced
- In diphragmatic lobes of the lungs
- Haemorrhage with fibrinous pleuritis
- Usually localised, sometimes generalised
Pasteurellosis in pigs
- Pasteurella multocida can cause a severe acute fibrinous bronchopneumonia in pigs
- The most significant disease here is that caused by P. multocida secondary to underlying mycoplasma pneumonia, see above enzootic pneumonia of pigs
- This results in chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia with abscessation and pleuritis
- If there is considerable pleural involvement, it may be indistinguishable from lesions caused by Haemophilus pleuropneumonia (below)
- Also isolated from cases of meningitis and septicaemia in piglets
Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia
- Caused by Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumonia
- Seen mainly between 6wks-6mths of age but will affect any age
- Highly pathogenic strains are capable of initiating disease on their own with high mortality in young pigs
- A fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia with pleurisy
- Foci of haemorrhagic consolidation or necrosis, mainly around major bronchi, tend to sequestrate
- Tending to spread throughout all lung lobes: therefore a cranioventral distribution may not be particularly evident
Glasser's disease
- Caused by Haemophilus parasuis
- May cause suppurative bronchopneumonia and pleuritis (as part of polyserositis)
- Stress of mixing, weaning and adverse environmental conditions are predisposing to the disease
Streptococcal pneumonia
- Caused by Streptococcus suis type II
Tuberculosis in pigs
- Pigs are susceptible to the Mycobacterium spp. causing tuberculosis in cattle
- Rarely extends to lungs after haematogenous spread from ingested bacteria causing tubercles with various degrees of calcification, encapsulation and caseation
In Rabbits
Snuffles
- Caused by Pasteurella multocida, less commonly and/or Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Clinical signs (nasal discharge, sneezing) result from an acute to chronic rhinitis
CAR bacillus
- As in cattle