Difference between revisions of "Alimentary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology"
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[[Image:Alimentary Canine.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Alimentary Tract (Canine) - Copyright Prof. Pat Mccarthy]] | [[Image:Alimentary Canine.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The Alimentary Tract (Canine) - Copyright Prof. Pat Mccarthy]] | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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| − | + | *[[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|Oral Cavity]] | |
*[[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|Lips]] | *[[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|Lips]] | ||
*[[Cheeks - Anatomy & Physiology|Cheeks]] | *[[Cheeks - Anatomy & Physiology|Cheeks]] | ||
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*[[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|Oropharynx]] | *[[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|Oropharynx]] | ||
| − | + | *[[oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|The Oesophagus]] | |
| − | + | *Stomach | |
*[[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|The Monogastric Stomach]] | *[[Forestomach - Anatomy & Physiology|The Monogastric Stomach]] | ||
*[[Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|The Stomach of the Ruminant]] | *[[Stomach and Abomasum - Anatomy & Physiology|The Stomach of the Ruminant]] | ||
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*[[Camelid Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|The Camelid Stomach]] | *[[Camelid Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|The Camelid Stomach]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Small Intestine]] | |
*[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|Duodenum]] | *[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|Duodenum]] | ||
*[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|Jejunum]] | *[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|Jejunum]] | ||
*[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileum]] | *[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileum]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Large Intestine]] | |
*[[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|Caecum]] | *[[Caecum - Anatomy & Physiology|Caecum]] | ||
*[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|Colon]] | *[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|Colon]] | ||
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*[[Hindgut Fermenters - Anatomy & Physiology|Hindgut Fermenters]] | *[[Hindgut Fermenters - Anatomy & Physiology|Hindgut Fermenters]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|The Liver]] | |
*[[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|The Gall Bladder]] | *[[Gall Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|The Gall Bladder]] | ||
| − | + | *[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|The Pancreas]] | |
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| + | *[[Peritoneal cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|The Peritoneal Cavity]] | ||
| + | ==The Physiology of feeding== | ||
| + | [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology|Control of Feeding]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#Feeding Methods|Feeding Methods]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#Functions of the GIT|Functions of the GIT]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#Control of the GIT|Control of the GIT]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#Control of Motility|Control of Motility]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#Control of GIT Secretions|Control of GIT Secretions]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#Phases of Gastric Secretion|Phases of Gastric Secretion]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#Neuroendocrine Regulation of Feeding|Neuroendocrine Regulation of Feeding]] | ||
| + | *[[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|The Vomit Reflex]] | ||
| + | *[[Mastication]] | ||
| + | *[[Deglutition]] | ||
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==The Avian Digestive Tract== | ==The Avian Digestive Tract== | ||
Revision as of 08:31, 22 June 2010
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Introduction
The Physiology of feeding
- Feeding Methods
- Functions of the GIT
- Control of the GIT
- Control of Motility
- Control of GIT Secretions
- Phases of Gastric Secretion
- Neuroendocrine Regulation of Feeding
- The Vomit Reflex
- Mastication
- Deglutition
The Avian Digestive Tract
The avian alimentary system differs immensely from the basic mammalian design. Food can move in a retrograde fashion from the proventriculus to the crop. Food can also pass from the gizzard back into the proventriculus depending on particle size, which is similar to that in mammals. The egestion of bones occurs once the nutritious material has been ingested. During reflux, gastric motility is inhibited and the pellet is expelled through the oral cavity by oesophageal antiperistaltis. This cleans the crop out and checking the pellet of captive birds should be undertaken daily to assess health.
The avian intestines shows some species specific anatomical variety, and the hindgut of the avian digestive system differs from mammalian anatomy as it terminates in the cloaca. The external opening through which faecal matter and uric acid is excreted is called the vent. The shape of the vent varies depending on species. Avian species vary in the presence or absence of a gall bladder, and the avian liver differs from the mammalian liver, being bilobular.
Test yourself with the Alimentary Flashcards
Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards
References
BOOKS
- Dyce, Sack and Wensing: Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 3rd Edition
- Sjaastad, Hove and Sand: Physiology of Domestic Animals, Scandinavian Veterinary Press, Oslo. (735pp)
- Konig and Liebich: Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals, 3rd Edition
- John E. Harkness and Joseph E. Wagner.: The Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents, 4th Edition
- Bloom and Fawcett: A Textbook of Histology
- Ian Kay: Introduction to Animal Physiology
- McGeady, Quinn, FitzPatrick, Ryan: Veterinary Embryology, pp. 205-220
- McGavin DM & Zachary, JF: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 4th ed, pp. 301-393. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2007.
- Reece, WO: Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals, 3rd ed., pp. 312-368. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, London, England, 2005.
- Young B, Heath, JW: Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 4th ed, pp. 249-274. Churchill Livingstone, London, England, 2000.
- Andrew A.Mckenzie et al The Capture and Care Manual
- O.Charnock Bradley The Structure of the Fowl, 3rd ed, J.B.Lippincott Company, 1950
IMAGES
- Royal Veterinary College Histology Department
- Dr. Thomas Caceci and Dr. Ihab El-Zhogby Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
- Nottingham Veterinary School