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*#* End-stage [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] disease (horse) *#* Seen in the dog, foal, and sometimes in the cat

...ology]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Dog]]

*** Seen in animals that develop [[Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus|torsion of the stomach]]; however, they usually die ***See [[Gastric Dilation and Rupture - Horse|Gastric dilatation and rupture]]

...omach_and_Abomasum_-_Inflammatory_Pathology]][[Category:Gastric Diseases - Dog]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Alimentary]][[Category:To Do - Medium]]

...iting]], otherwise they may continue to cause gastric outflow obstruction, gastric distension and irritation. ...igns are present they include vomiting due to gastric outflow obstruction, gastric distension and/or irritation, inappetence, anorexia and sometimes dehydrati

[[Image:Gastric ulceration.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Gastric ulceration - Copyright David Walker RVC]] Acute inflammation of the stomach is not uncommon, especially in the dog. The cause is usually the ingestion of substances including

...litus and pancreatic hypoplasia have also been documented as causes in the dog. ...a large proportion needs to be non-functional to show signs of EPI. In the dog EPI is mostly caused by [[Pancreatic Atrophy, Exocrine| Exocrine Pancreatic

...e thoracic cavity. Two types of hiatal hernia have been recognised in the dog and cat: ...us of the diaphragm. This is the most common form and it can occur in the dog and cat as a congenital or acquired lesion. Congenital hernias result from

Also known as: '''''Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ...']] due to gastro-oesophageal reflux. In severe cases of the disease, deep gastric ulcers may erode blood vessels causing '''haemorrhage''' or perforate, caus

1) '''Lymphocytic-plasmacytic gastritis''' which may be an immune response to numerous antigen ...ritis''' which is thought to result from an immune reaction and/or chronic gastric inflammation.

...oxaemic Clostridia|Clostridium perfringens]]'' enterotoxicosis or an immune-mediated reaction. There is usually no history of rubbish, chemical or forei Middle-aged, small-breed dogs such as: Miniature Poodle, Toy Poodle, Miniature Schnauzer, Yorks

See also:'''[[Gastric Ulceration - all species]]''' ...is a round or oval punched out lesion of the gastric mucosa ranging from 1-4 cm in diameter.

...rd dogs may have a genetic predisposition to gastric carcinomas. Cats with gastric lymphomas are usually [[Feline Leukemia Virus|FeLV]] positive. * [[Adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]] - 70-80% of all canine gastric neoplasms

'''Short bowel syndrome''' occurs when greater than 75-90% of the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine ...first instance. If needed, it may be better to perform a second surgery 24-48 hours after the first surgery.

==Gastric Adenocarcinoma== ...curvature), and in the pylorus. There are two main internal appearances of gastric adenocarcinoma, both of which show thickened, oedematous, pale and firm tis

Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (GDV) is an '''acute, life-threatening emergency''' affecting large and giant breed dogs. The condition ...clockwise direction''' when viewed from the surgeon's perspective with the dog in dorsal recumbency.

...bsequent release into the circulation. In dogs, there is a lag period of 48-72 hours before immature red blood cells (reticulocytes and nucleated red bl ...e-mediated disease''' including [[Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia|immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia]], a disease caused by an autoimmune response di

...theses and [[Haemorrhage#Purpura|purpura]] may be a feature of a number of diseases of different aetiology (poisoning, septicaemia or neoplastic disease). *Often sub-cutaneous.

...otations of 90 degrees occur along the longitudinal axis and then the dorso-ventral axis. The dorsal '''mesogastrium''' becomes elongated (with the [[Sp ...nd the stomach (left gastro-epiploic artery), it also splits into the left gastric artery supplying the stomach.

:[[L-Gamma Glutamyltransferase (GGT)]] Recto-Anal Pathology

**'''Gastro-oesophageal reflux''', which may occur with '''general anaesthesia''' or [[H ...t signs of aspiration pneumonia (an alveolar pattern) may be seen in cranio-ventral lung lobes.

[[Image:stomach diaphragmatic hernia.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Post-mortem image of displacement of the stomach into the thorax through a diaphr ...ssion''' of the chest wall may reveal hyporesonance (due to a displaced gas-filled stomach) or hyperresonance (due to the presence of pleural fluid or s

...however the pancreas is also a site for metastasis from particularly gastro-intestinal neoplasms. Primary tumours include: ...lar hyperplasia]] which frequently occurs in older dogs and cats and is non-significant.

:Dog and ruminant = 100% ...The inner circular layer of the '''tunica muscularis''' thickens near the gastric junction, forming a sphincter.

**'''Gastro-oesophageal reflux''', which may occur with '''general anaesthesia''' or [[H ...ed. 46% of cases occur after general anaesthesia, presumably due to gastro-oesophageal reflux through the relaxed lower oesophageal sphincter and becau

...age group may be affected, young dogs of the small terrier breeds are over-represented. It has been suggested that certain breeds (particularly the Bo ...s which must include the submucosa (the holding layer throughout the gastro-intestinal tract).

Mast cell tumours are the '''most common cutaneous tumour in the dog''', primarily a disease of older dogs. Boxers, Labrador Retrievers, Beagles ...ic, ulcerated or look like normal skin. They may also appear as a '''poorly-defined, soft, fluctuant lesion'''. The tumours may become quite large, up t

...e potent, with tendency to accumulate in the liver and a long half life (4-6 days) owing to high levels of plasma protein binding^{2, 3}. These ...xicity (unchecked haemorrhage), while the supply of still-viable, vitamin K-dependent clotting factors reach the end of their life span. This delay is a

[[Image:Praa.gif|thumb|right|200px|<center>Post-mortem specimen of an animal with a persistent right aortic arch <br><small> ...ormal embryonic development there are five pairs of aortic arch arteries (1-6, 5 is absent) that undergo developmental changes necessary to form the maj

...or-mediated absorption of cobalamin in the dog. Am J Physiol 1989;257:G344-G349.</ref>, but exclusively in the pancreas in cats<ref>Fyfe JC. Feline int ...ion Glossary#Cofactor|cofactors]] required for reactions involved in single-carbon transfer and [[Fatty Acids Overview - Nutrition|fatty acid]] metaboli

|X = a well-illustrated example of an ultrasound scan. '''A 1.5-year-old male neutered cat presents for vomiting and inappetence of 2 days’ dur

...- A well organised pattern of slow growth, no metastasis, they are of the B-lymphocyte type ...te''' - [[T cells|T-cell]], [[B cells|B-cell]] or [[Natural Killer cells|NK-cell]]

...pi'', a [[Helminths|helminth parasite]], is endemic in Africa and the south-eastern USA. The most commonly reported forms of neoplasm are: *Benign '''leiomyomas''' may occur in the caudal oesophagus and gastric cardia.

...e regulated by a number of hormonal factors that act on the enzymes hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). HSL is responsible for '''Secondary hepatic lipidosis''' is a neuroendocrine response to other diseases, including [[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]], [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mell

...cess ('''idiopathic''') but it occurs commonly with a number of intestinal diseases ('''secondary'''). The term 'antibiotic responsive diarrhoea' has replaced ...n 16 German shepherd dogs.''' ''J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1994 Apr 15;204(8):1201-6.''</ref>. Different samples from the same animal also gave very different

...rth, a PSS develops. However, in the normal animal, there are numerous non-functional connections between the two systems that may open if the pressure ...the patent ductus venosus in the dog.''' ''Vet Rec. 2000 Apr 8;146(15):425-9.''</ref>. This form of shunt is most common in large breed dogs and paten

|sublink1=Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |subtext1=Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

...a highly contagious disease of dogs caused by [[Canine Adenovirus 1]] (CAV-1). This virus is closely related to [[Canine Adenovirus 2]], which causes r ...uate antibody response is mounted, organs may be cleared of virus within 10-14 days, but urinary excretion can persist for up to nine months after an ac

http://open-3d-viewer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/web/index.html <br> ...r, it is also an amazing educational resource which is based on the open-3d-viewer which has been used to create a virtual human being too. You can rota

Many diseases in small animal medicine concern poor husbandry, so it is vital to be well ...o that the rabbit's foot cannot slip through the wire; also offer solid non-slip surface to provide rest off the mesh and prevent foot problems.

...owever, it is more highly branched with shorter branches (branches every 12-18 glucose residues). ...it breaks bonds in the middle of the polymer to produce di-, tri- and oligo-saccharides).'' α-Amylase is present in [[Salivary Glands - Anatomy & Physi

...larity of the blood. Pancreatic juice is alkaline to neutralise the acidic gastric juice. This is advantageous because: It provides an optimal pH for the panc ...type 1. There is a failure to produce insulin. This can be caused by islet-specific amyloidosis or chronic pancreatitis leading to β cell destruction.

** The tumours that occur in the veterinary species are spontaneous, naturally-occurring states. ** Naturally-occurring neoplasia is most common in mature/ geriatric animals.