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- ...tion''' and a [[Oral Examination Under General Anaesthesia|definitive oral examination]] can only be performed under general [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesia]]. All dete The main signs of oral disease include :6 KB (972 words) - 19:06, 4 June 2016
- [[File:Oral examination dog.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Oral examination of a dog.<small>''© Lisa Milella 2013''</small>]] [[File:Oral exam cat.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Oral examination in a cat.<small>''© Lisa Milella 2013''</small>]]8 KB (1,170 words) - 13:44, 2 November 2014
- ...may result in trauma to the tongue and will not allow a reasonable dental examination. For reasons of safety, a minority of donkeys need to be sedated for dental examination. Repeat examinations can often be performed without sedation in donkeys onc4 KB (694 words) - 12:37, 18 March 2010
- ...l anatomical features of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] need to be identified and inspected. A check list is given below: <!----------------------------------Oral Mucous Membranes------------------------------->5 KB (575 words) - 14:09, 2 November 2014
- |title = Oral Examination ...conscious animal will only give limited information and a definitive oral examination can only be performed under general anaesthesia. All detected abnormalities1 KB (162 words) - 14:08, 2 November 2014
- ...osal bleed time) may be advisable prior to certain procedures. For example oral oncological surgery or in some cases even a surgical extraction. ...d [[:Category:Herpesviridae|Herpes virus]] have been implicated in certain oral conditions affecting cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.<br><br>3 KB (397 words) - 14:08, 2 November 2014
- |title = Small Animal Oral Examination Instruments |image = Oral examination instruments.jpg440 bytes (43 words) - 14:09, 2 November 2014
Page text matches
- |title = Oral Examination ...conscious animal will only give limited information and a definitive oral examination can only be performed under general anaesthesia. All detected abnormalities1 KB (162 words) - 14:08, 2 November 2014
- |title = Small Animal Oral Examination Instruments |image = Oral examination instruments.jpg440 bytes (43 words) - 14:09, 2 November 2014
- :[[Oral Examination - Small Animal|Oral Examination]] :[[Intra-Oral Radiography - Small Animal|Intra-Oral Radiography]]681 bytes (78 words) - 14:18, 2 November 2014
- |title = Intra-Oral Radiography ...'Small Animal Dentistry''']] and '''[[Oral Examination - Small Animal|Oral Examination]]'''1 KB (147 words) - 14:02, 2 November 2014
- ===Oral Examination===627 bytes (84 words) - 11:01, 14 February 2014
- :[[Oral Examination Instruments - Small Animal|Oral Examination Instruments]]784 bytes (83 words) - 13:50, 2 November 2014
- ...of the subspectacular space usually occur from ascending infections of the oral cavity. Less commonly they occur from a puncture through the spectacle or a ==Examination==2 KB (291 words) - 19:06, 20 August 2010
- Oral abscesses are not uncommon in captive lizards. They may occur as an extensi *'''Diagnosis''' - history, [[Lizard Physical Examination|physical examination]], culture and radiology.766 bytes (101 words) - 12:19, 18 August 2010
- ...tory, a [[Lizard Physical Examination|physical examination]], culture (the oral flora becomes predominantly anaerobic and spirochaetes can be found) and [[ ...'' consists of the appropriate dental treatment, including a thorough oral examination under general [[Lizard and Snake Anaesthesia|anaesthesia]], and the appropr3 KB (339 words) - 11:14, 4 November 2010
- '''Diagnosis''' - history, [[Lizard Physical Examination|physical examination]], faecal cultures, [[Lizard and Snake Imaging|radiology]], [[Lizard and Sn * Oral inoculation of parasite-free faeces from a healthy iguana1 KB (139 words) - 08:34, 6 August 2010
- ==External examination== *Examine the nares, eyes, tympanic membranes, oral cavity and [[Cloaca|cloaca]].3 KB (417 words) - 23:23, 4 November 2010
- ...tion''' and a [[Oral Examination Under General Anaesthesia|definitive oral examination]] can only be performed under general [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesia]]. All dete The main signs of oral disease include :6 KB (972 words) - 19:06, 4 June 2016
- ==External examination== # Examine the nares, spectacles, [[Snake Eye|eyes]], oral cavity and [[Cloaca|cloaca]].3 KB (453 words) - 18:07, 20 August 2012
- ..., and the morphology of an infrabony defect will be determined on clinical examination rather than on radiographic evaluation. [[Category:Intra-Oral Radiography]]3 KB (471 words) - 14:16, 2 November 2014
- The explorer is also useful for tactile examination of the subgingival tooth surfaces. Subgingival calculus and odontoclastic r [[Category:Oral Examination Instruments - Small Animal]]1 KB (178 words) - 15:05, 4 January 2023
- ...osal bleed time) may be advisable prior to certain procedures. For example oral oncological surgery or in some cases even a surgical extraction. ...d [[:Category:Herpesviridae|Herpes virus]] have been implicated in certain oral conditions affecting cats with chronic gingivostomatitis.<br><br>3 KB (397 words) - 14:08, 2 November 2014
- The information resulting from an [[Oral Examination - Small Animal|oral examination]] and any treatment performed needs to be accurately recorded.<br><br> ...y time or by any person in the practice – for information related to the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|mouth]] at a specific date.3 KB (456 words) - 13:53, 2 November 2014
- ...l condition in dogs that may be caused by opportunistic invasion of normal oral flora. Suspected causative organisms include [[Fusobacterium necrophorum|'' ...dation of urea to form ammonia together with dehydration and drying of the oral mucosa that results from renal disease.5 KB (762 words) - 14:09, 9 January 2023
- [[Image:Stomatitis_ed.jpg|300px|thumb|right|'''Careful examination of the mouth is necessary since lesions may not be extensive''' © RVC]] ...limentary tract disease (UATD) is any pathological condition affecting the oral cavity, pharynx or oesophagus.3 KB (487 words) - 12:38, 28 October 2010
- ...may result in trauma to the tongue and will not allow a reasonable dental examination. For reasons of safety, a minority of donkeys need to be sedated for dental examination. Repeat examinations can often be performed without sedation in donkeys onc4 KB (694 words) - 12:37, 18 March 2010
- [[File:Oral examination dog.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Oral examination of a dog.<small>''© Lisa Milella 2013''</small>]] [[File:Oral exam cat.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Oral examination in a cat.<small>''© Lisa Milella 2013''</small>]]8 KB (1,170 words) - 13:44, 2 November 2014
- ...and sometimes fatal diseases,” said Dr. Stephen Harris, Research Manager, Oral Care, WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare. “We are excited “There is a gap in understanding about the importance of dental care and oral hygiene as a form of preventative healthcare,” said Nick Short, [http://w3 KB (459 words) - 20:00, 3 November 2014
- ...ic Bone Disease|MBD]], which allows tissue to become inflamed. The exposed oral mucosa is not generally infected. *'''Diagnosis''' - history, clinical examination, and microscopy, culture and sensitivity (if thought necessary).885 bytes (117 words) - 12:19, 18 August 2010
- ==Examination== ...ection or impaired tear drainage. On [[Snake Physical Examination|physical examination]], the subspectacular fluid tends to be clear when there is impaired draina3 KB (419 words) - 18:55, 20 August 2010
- [[Category:Oral Examination Instruments - Small Animal]]1,001 bytes (147 words) - 19:23, 4 June 2016
- ...prevention of spread of the infection to contact animals is by the use of oral fluoroquinolones. Further prevention is via rodent control.1 KB (146 words) - 17:00, 24 May 2011
- ...<ref name="Neville">Neville, B., Damm, D., Allen, C., Bouquot J. (2002) '''Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.''' 2nd Edition ''Saunders''</ref><br> During [[Oral Examination - Small Animal|clinical examination]], the enclosed tooth is absent from the dental arch and some of the adjace4 KB (542 words) - 19:47, 4 June 2016
- The '''ideal relationship''' with the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|mouth]] closed can be defined by the [[Category:Oral Examination]]2 KB (275 words) - 14:06, 2 November 2014
- ...l anatomical features of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] need to be identified and inspected. A check list is given below: <!----------------------------------Oral Mucous Membranes------------------------------->5 KB (575 words) - 14:09, 2 November 2014
- ...varying amounts of pigmentation reflecting the normal pigmentation of the oral mucosa. [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Crown|Crowns]] of teeth are often pa Clinical signs are indicative of the condition. A detailed oral examination under sedation will lead to a presumptive diagnosis.4 KB (587 words) - 16:23, 1 September 2015
- ...e administered by nasogastric tube over 12 to 24 hours in combination with oral rehydration products. The administration of mineral oil to treat caecal imp Regular rectal examination is required to monitor the clearing of the impaction. Some cases may requir3 KB (496 words) - 11:44, 1 November 2010
- ...ts the most frequently diagnosed tumor was SCC, representing 61–64% of the oral tumors. ...ficacy of radiation therapy in the treatment of canine oral SCC. Cats with oral SCC are typically diagnosed late and the response to therapy is poor. It is6 KB (833 words) - 14:05, 2 November 2014
- !align="left"|Oral Mass |Visible or felt root remnants during the examination, rr is recorded at the site.3 KB (564 words) - 09:06, 18 May 2015
- ...diography]]. Ideally [[Oral Examination Under General Anaesthesia|clinical examination]] and [[Dental Recording|recording]] should precede the radiographic evalua *Intra-oral techniques should produce radiographs without superimposition of the contra12 KB (1,839 words) - 16:31, 1 September 2015
- ...resentment in opening of the mouth on a clinical examination. On physical examination, the whole of the back of the mouth is covered in ulcerative granulation ti [[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]]3 KB (449 words) - 15:26, 5 January 2023
- Careful examination of the entire mouth which the animal may resist. [[Category:Tongue_-_Pathology]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]]2 KB (337 words) - 21:05, 19 May 2016
- ...l Examination - Small Animal|oral anatomy]], [[Oral Hygiene - Small Animal|oral hygiene]] and [[Dental Surgical Procedures|dental surgical procedures]]. Ad3 KB (494 words) - 14:30, 30 August 2016
- ...ric hypertrophy and consequent clinical signs. The mode of transmission is oral-faecal. The disease can either be subclinical with intermittent shedding or ==Examination==4 KB (605 words) - 18:30, 26 July 2012
- ...h. However, caudal molars, loose teeth, oral infections and generally poor oral conformation can still cause acute problems and need to be monitored. The c3 KB (448 words) - 15:38, 26 February 2014
- A thorough '''oral examination''' should enable the persistent deciduous teeth to be found. Bellows, J. (2010) '''Feline Dentistry: oral assessment, treatment and preventative care''' ''John Wiley and Sons''4 KB (572 words) - 18:00, 25 June 2016
- Clinical signs of any oral tumours include: '''halitosis''', oral bleeding, '''dental disruption or loss''', facial deformity, salivation and '''CT''' may enable a more detailed examination of the area.3 KB (394 words) - 22:00, 31 October 2014
- Dental disease is the main oral disorder of equines in the United Kingdom, and is of major importance in ge '''[[Oral Cavity Examination - Donkey|Examination of the Oral Cavity]]5 KB (748 words) - 14:14, 18 October 2010
- [[File:Oral examination dog.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Lisa examining a dog]] She has been the Principal of a dedicated specialist veterinary dental and oral surgery clinic in the UK as well as an independent research consultant for2 KB (335 words) - 22:01, 31 October 2014
- [[Category:Oral Examination Instruments - Small Animal]]2 KB (220 words) - 19:22, 4 June 2016
- ...or this such as the fact there are fewer cariogenic bacteria in the normal oral flora and a higher salivary pH, acting to neutralize acid produced by the b ...an oral issue. A full physical examination should follow. If a full dental examination is required to examine the extent of the problem, this is usually done unde5 KB (700 words) - 20:01, 4 June 2016
- ...mestic cats and are the second most common [[:Category:Oral Diseases - Cat|oral problem seen in cats]] (after [[periodontitis]]), with prevalence increasin On examination, there is a loss of dental tissue on the [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Cro15 KB (2,288 words) - 09:51, 21 May 2016
- [[Intra-Oral Radiography - Small Animal|Radiographs]] may provide information about the ...difficult to make based only on [[Oral Examination - Small Animal|clinical examination]] of veterinary patients due to the limitations of pulp testing and lack of6 KB (791 words) - 20:10, 4 June 2016
- [[Category:Oral Examination]]2 KB (300 words) - 13:55, 2 November 2014
- ...Snake Taking a History|history]] and [[Snake Physical Examination|physical examination]]. Microscopical identification of the mite is the definitive diagnosis. [[ **'''Ivermectin''' is an effective acaricide by oral, parenteral or topical administration.7 KB (974 words) - 18:31, 26 July 2012
- ...nares through the nasal cavity. The internal nares lie in the roof of the oral cavity and communicate directly with the glottis when the mouth is closed. ...the physical examination of respiratory function, see''' [[Snake Physical Examination]].3 KB (441 words) - 17:28, 2 November 2022
- ==Examination== * Pale oral mucous membranes6 KB (788 words) - 16:38, 18 July 2019
- [[Category:Oral Examination]]2 KB (270 words) - 17:12, 2 November 2022
- [[Category:Oral Examination]]2 KB (287 words) - 17:21, 2 November 2022
- Gorrel, C. (2004) '''Oral examination and recording.''' In : Veterinary Dentistry for the general practitioner. ' Robinson, J, Gorrel, C. (1995) '''Oral Examination and radiography.''' In : Crossley, D.A & Penman, S (eds) ''Manual of Small7 KB (1,118 words) - 13:15, 8 February 2017
- ...show signs of '''pain''' on clinical examination and may resent otoscopic examination unless it is sedated. Examination of the ears will help determine if this is a chronic problem or not.7 KB (1,101 words) - 12:57, 23 August 2015
- ...ovagal_response|oculovagal reflex]] will allow for a more relaxed clinical examination. ...e sunken and the mucous membranes become dry and sticky (consider that the oral cavity of most reptiles is relatively dry compared with mammals).11 KB (1,565 words) - 14:18, 2 November 2010
- ...y - Anatomy & Physiology| nasal]] and [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology| oral]] cavities involving the [[Soft Palate| soft palate]] , [[Hard Palate| hard ...physical exam. A cleft lip can be easily identified, however, a full oral examination is needed to diagnose incomplete closure of the premaxilla, hard and soft p8 KB (1,176 words) - 16:45, 1 September 2015
- 35 bytes (3 words) - 21:48, 28 March 2011
- ...itis and rectal prolapse for example are secondary conditions where a full examination with husbandry review including [[Snake Housing|housing]] and [[Snake Feedi ...important to know the approximate position of the organs during a physical examination. The following is a generalisation if the snake's body is divided into thi11 KB (1,637 words) - 21:15, 28 November 2022
- ...is relies on '''fine needle aspiration''' of the structure and cytological examination of the fluid obtained. Typically, this reveals yellow/amber mucoid or bloo ...on. Alternatively, any of the salivary ducts can be cannulated within the oral cavity and water soluble iodine-containing contrast medium can be instilled6 KB (815 words) - 15:57, 1 September 2015
- ...ngle teeth is more likely to be caused by '''pathological processes in the oral cavity''', including tooth root abscesses and pulpitis. '''Fluorosis''' may At post-mortem examination, the bones are found to have the same pink/brown discolouration as the teet3 KB (360 words) - 16:48, 6 January 2023
- ...lly it may not be obvious and [[Oral Examination Under General Anaesthesia|examination under general anaesthesia]] using a [[Dental Explorer|dental explorer probe [[Intra-Oral Radiography - Small Animal|Radiography]] may help determine whether a [[Too7 KB (1,093 words) - 20:03, 4 June 2016
- ...l prolapse) and lack of thrift. It is usually diagnosed coincidentally on examination of faeces for other purposes. However Gentz et al (1995) state that clinic Treatment for all nematodes in pet rabbits includes the oral use of piperazine adipate (daily for two days), fenbendazole (once only Pan2 KB (312 words) - 18:04, 25 August 2015
- *[[Lizard Physical Examination|Physical examination]] ...ll as access to appropraite UVB light. Parenteral injections of calcium or oral solutions can be used on animals with clinical hypocalcaemia (when renal fa5 KB (784 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2010
- ...and snakes. Those commonly available in veterinary practice include faecal examination, microbiology, cytology, [[Lizard and Snake Haematology|haematology]] and [ ==Urate examination==10 KB (1,499 words) - 18:10, 20 August 2012
- [[Category:Oral Examination]]3 KB (417 words) - 22:01, 31 October 2014
- ...n reptiles where taste buds and sensory papillae are spread throughout the oral mucosa. They are innervated primarily by the glossopharyngeal nerve (crani * '''For more information on examining a snake, see''' [[Snake Physical Examination]].3 KB (397 words) - 16:28, 18 August 2012
- Diagnosis can be made on [[Rectal Examination of the Horse|rectal examination]]; the caecum is firmer and filled with ingesta and can be indented digital ...hich are diagnosed early can be treated effectively with IV fluid therapy, oral fluid therapy with added magnesium sulphate by stomach tube and flunixin me4 KB (632 words) - 17:20, 5 July 2012
- ...key that may not be apparent to the veterinary surgeon even after clinical examination, complete blood count and biochemical analysis. For example, low-grade pain In the donkey the oral mucous membranes are normally pale pink but with less of a yellow tinge whe13 KB (2,045 words) - 22:42, 19 March 2010
- ...gingival margin, partly due to insufficient [[Oral Hygiene - Small Animal|oral hygiene]]. ...disease is the result of the inflammatory response to dental plaque, i.e. oral bacteria, and is limited to the periodontium. It is probably the most commo18 KB (2,727 words) - 16:06, 1 September 2015
- :Cardiac Examination of the Dog :Lameness examination19 KB (2,061 words) - 07:50, 12 May 2015
- The '''oral cavity is affected in 90% of cases'''. Disease affects the mucocutaneous ju Lesions do not occur in the oral cavity. Primary lesions are transient '''pustules''', but typically, crusts9 KB (1,247 words) - 07:52, 25 June 2016
- ...rehabilitation, especially to ensure optimal nutrition following dental or oral surgery. ...emptive approach. This may however be difficult in some patients requiring oral and dental surgery, where significant pain can already exist. In this situa13 KB (2,039 words) - 13:45, 2 November 2014
- ...ar compromise is associated with signs of endotoxaemia including congested oral mucous membranes with 'toxic rings', weak peripheral pulses and a prolonged ...inal motility and distension. Occasionally the lipoma may be felt [[Rectal Examination of the Horse|''per rectum'']]. Fluid obtained by [[Abdominocentesis|periton5 KB (724 words) - 20:11, 11 July 2012
- ...tal calculus may be evident in animals with chronic kidney disease on oral examination. Examination of a urine sample may show signs consistent with renal failure. Animals wit11 KB (1,626 words) - 15:11, 4 January 2023
- * Microscopic examination. Typical gram-positive, double-contoured, ovoid cells in macrophages and gi ...Dressing of the resulting cavity with '''strong iodine solution''' and '''oral dosing with potassium iodide''' daily for 30 to 40 days seems to be the bes9 KB (1,228 words) - 09:39, 20 October 2010
- <u>Clinical examination</u>: dental examination, signs of musculoskeletal disease, neurological problems ...aim is to '''rehydrate the gut contents and/or to rehydrate the rabbit'''. Oral fluids can be given along with intra-venous fluid therapy. Intra-peritoneal5 KB (761 words) - 17:53, 25 August 2015
- ...ed therapeutically to administer large volumes of fluids, electrolytes and oral medications. ...btained then the medications may be administered. It is important that any oral fluids or medications are warmed to body temperature prior to administratio6 KB (954 words) - 17:39, 1 August 2012
- ...signs in this age group (two- to five-year-old donkeys) warrant a careful examination of the front three cheek to a veterinary surgeon for a thorough oral and, if necessary, radiographic examination for the presence of retained deciduous cheek teeth or apical infection.15 KB (2,282 words) - 20:36, 15 October 2011
- Diagnosis is based on '''excisional biopsy''' and subsequent histopathologic examination. '''Oral retinoids''' such as isoretinoin or acitretin can prevent the development o4 KB (515 words) - 21:42, 28 November 2022
- Histological examination of biopsies from affected areas may show: Animals affected by hookworm dermatosis can be treated with oral ivermectin (but this should not be used in collies or Shetland sheepdogs) a4 KB (615 words) - 13:15, 23 August 2015
- ...parameters are essentially the same as for the horse. A thorough clinical examination will also allow detection of ‘false colics’ associated with the urinary ...membrane examination.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Mucous membrane examination (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanc23 KB (3,511 words) - 13:55, 18 October 2010
- [[Intra-Oral Radiography - Small Animal|'''Radiography''']] should be obtained to check ...by probing with an [[Dental Explorer|explorer tip]] with the animal [[Oral Examination Under General Anaesthesia|under general anaesthesia]]. Radiographs should b6 KB (935 words) - 20:07, 4 June 2016
- ==Physical examination== ...It may be noted that murmur has recently arisen or changed. Other clinical examination findings include joint effusions, lymphadenopathy, pyrexia and in advanced9 KB (1,238 words) - 15:56, 5 January 2023
- ...ion, the abdomen was tense, but not painful. The remainder of the physical examination was unremarkable.'''4 KB (552 words) - 09:42, 26 November 2018
- The appearance of crystals in the urine. Microscopic examination of the centrifuged sediment helps with the subsequent management of the cas *Fluids (oral, Intraperitoneal)4 KB (516 words) - 09:02, 14 October 2010
- ==Oral Cavity== ===[[Rectal Examination of the Horse|Rectal Palpation]]===18 KB (2,674 words) - 19:42, 27 October 2022
- Adult ''A. galli'' are semi-transparent, have three prominent lips in their oral openings and are the '''biggest nematodes found in poultry'''. Females rang Ascaridia can be diagnosed by the above clinical signs, '''faecal examination''' or by '''post-mortem''' (PM). Evidence of '''enteritis/haemorrhagic ent7 KB (972 words) - 14:14, 5 January 2023
- [[Image:oral squamous cell carcinoma.jpg|right|thumb|200px|<center>'''Oral squamous cell carcinoma'''. Courtesy of T. Scase</center>]] '''Histopathological''' examination of a biopsy of the mass should reveal:8 KB (1,079 words) - 10:05, 25 June 2016
- The optic nerve can be examined clinically via the [[Neurological Eye Examination - Horse#Menace Response|menace response]] and [[Neurological_Eye_Examinatio During a clinical examination, horizontal eye movements (strabismus) or an absent [[Neurological_Eye_Exam23 KB (3,448 words) - 11:13, 22 November 2012
- ...a spray of water and air, or air only. It is used to irrigate/lavage the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|mouth]] (water or water/air spray) a ...nd drying) will aid in the removal of debris and improve visibility during examination and any procedure.5 KB (849 words) - 19:38, 4 June 2016
- ...in a quiet, stoical donkey. To diagnose hyperlipaemia, a thorough clinical examination is required, including serum biochemistry to assess hyperlipidaemia. Hyperl • Abdominal pain: may be evident but thorough rectal examination is risky if the rectal mucosa is dry and tacky17 KB (2,440 words) - 12:45, 8 November 2013
- ...iy larvae. Both healthy and sick cattle should be examined. Blood and Milk examination (ELISA) to look for antibodies can be used, but this has variable results (11 KB (1,573 words) - 15:19, 5 January 2023
- ...ve X); to the mucosae of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] via the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) and to the [[Meninges - ...clude the pupillary sphinter via the oculomotor nerve, glands of the nasal/oral cavity via the vestibulocochlear and glossopharyngeal nerves and thoracic/a34 KB (4,931 words) - 19:30, 27 October 2022
- Early [[Colic Diagnosis - Rectal Examination|rectal examination]] may reveal the impaction low in the right caudal abdominal quadrant. Sub ...tiple tightly distended loops of small intestine are not present on rectal examination. In this situation, balanced electrolyte solutions (administered IV) and a10 KB (1,472 words) - 19:45, 11 July 2012
- Clinical signs and history may be indicative of the disease. Physical examination findings will include systolic and diastolic continuous machinery [[Heart M In a reverse PDA, differential cyanosis (normal oral mucus membranes, cyanotic membranes everywhere else) and hyperviscosity (in6 KB (857 words) - 17:01, 15 October 2013
- ...uary] 3% of donkeys admitted have evidence of tapeworm infection on faecal examination. Post-mortem evidence suggests an even lower incidence. The low incidence m ...ficacy rate of over 99% for up to 16 weeks post treatment when given at an oral dose rate of 1mg/kg.9 KB (1,271 words) - 09:25, 21 October 2016
- On '''physical examination''': inspiratory and expiratory loud airway sounds can be auscultated. Durat Most cats '''respond favourably''' to oral therapy and can be '''controlled on low-dose, alternate day prednisolone'''6 KB (862 words) - 17:15, 29 June 2016
- ...rabbits often appreciate the taste and thereby take in adequate amounts of oral fluids. The use of antimicrobials and intensive care (fluids etc) may be e ...nteric infections or protozoal infestations are involved. Microbiological examination of faeces will help to identify the secondary infections, but the urgency o6 KB (900 words) - 18:25, 25 August 2015
- ...d surgical]] colics is critical and can be acheived by a thorough clinical examination. There are important considerations to keep in mind when interpreting colic ...s will respond to aggressive medical treatment with analgesics, laxatives, oral and intravenous fluid therapy. Some may not respond to medical therapy and7 KB (998 words) - 20:11, 19 November 2017
- ...including: '''weight loss''', '''diarrhoea''', regurgitation, anaemia and oral necrotic plaques. ...low faecal egg counts. Therefore diagnosis is usually made on '''necropsy examination''' of the oesophagus and intestines. The worms are small and must be looked7 KB (1,020 words) - 21:28, 28 November 2022
- ...ntravenously, subcutanously, intrathecally or orally. Absorption following oral administration is variable with the drug used, but first-pass metabolism de ...is therefore a good drug choice to provide analgesia and facilitate rectal examination of colic-ing horses. Pethidine is a licensed, Schedule 2 controlled drug.6 KB (982 words) - 23:17, 22 January 2016
- *Examination of the skin ...''spiky''' and '''sharp''' because the tips have been removed. Microscopic examination of a hair pluck will confirm the state of the hair tips. '''Hair loss is re11 KB (1,668 words) - 09:42, 16 July 2015
- ...physical examination findings, and the results of a complete neurological examination. ...ngs cover auditory system (ear); connective and adipose tissue, dental and oral structures, dermatoglyphics; digestive system; integument; musculoskeletal12 KB (1,896 words) - 16:45, 31 July 2014
- Collection and examination of a biopsy is needed for definitive confirmation of the diagnosis. The fo *'''Diazoxide''', an oral hyperglycaemic drug, used to inhibit pancreatic insulin secretion and tissu8 KB (1,180 words) - 20:46, 25 June 2016
- A presumptive diagnosis may be made on the basis of the history and clinical examination. Bronchoalveolar lavage may also prove useful. On physical examination, thoracic auscultation typically reveals a prolonged expiratory phase of re13 KB (1,951 words) - 18:03, 31 July 2012
- ...infection is difficult because the eggs are not observed in routine faecal examination. * [[Macrocyclic Lactones|'''Ivermectin''']] applied '''topically or in an oral formulation''', ''e.g.'' solution such as 0.05% ivermectin in saline8 KB (1,213 words) - 12:49, 20 October 2010
- ...physical examination findings, and the results of a complete neurological examination. ...ngs cover auditory system (ear); connective and adipose tissue, dental and oral structures, dermatoglyphics; digestive system; integument; musculoskeletal14 KB (2,106 words) - 10:08, 16 March 2015
- ...al signs of disseminated aspergillosis include abscesses, draining tracts, oral ulcers and cutaneous nodules. ...adiolucency and lysis of the turbinate bones. Additionally, '''cytological examination of aspirates''' often reveals presence of fungal hyphae with granulomatous14 KB (2,017 words) - 09:22, 19 January 2016
- On post-mortem examination, segments of the intestines appear dark red-purple and distended, and show ..., and specific hyperimmune serum can also be administered<sup>4, 6t</sup>. Oral antibiotics may be given<sup>4</sup> but are regarded as a less appropriate9 KB (1,320 words) - 17:57, 10 May 2011
- ...droppings'''. If in doubt, monitor ‘gut sounds’ by auscultation. '''Rectal examination''' is indicated if there is any suspicion of reduced gut activity. '''Oral drugs''' can be given in small feeds or mixed with treacle, fruit juice or9 KB (1,460 words) - 22:59, 19 March 2010
- ...nked to secondary pathogens such as [[Feline Calicivirus|calicivirus]] and oral bacteria. Calicivirus, along with other organisms such as [[Feline Herpesvi On post-mortem examination, there is lymphadenopathy. Intestinal lesions similar to those seen in feli17 KB (2,663 words) - 09:37, 18 April 2016
- ...Cats frequently lack circulating microfilariae, and so direct microscopic examination is of little use in this species. On post-mortem examination, ''Dirofilaria immitis'' worms are apparent in the pulmonary artery and pos24 KB (3,433 words) - 17:07, 6 January 2023
- A British population of ''C. obsoletus'' has been shown to have and oral susceptibility rate of less than 2%<sup>1</sup>, suggesting that ''C. obsol ...ay be made, especially in regions where bluetongue is endemic. Post-mortem examination can be used to confirm the diagnosis. However, many cases of bluetongue are29 KB (4,344 words) - 15:36, 5 August 2011
- ===Physical Examination=== # '''ACE inhibitors''' and '''Spironolactone''' should be added as soon as oral treatment is possible18 KB (2,600 words) - 14:16, 11 May 2021
- ...J R et al (1994) '''Transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus by rectal examination.''' ''Veterinary Record'', 135, 412-413.</ref> and rectal gloves<ref name=" Following entry and contact with the mucosa of the oral or nasal cavities or the reproductive tract, BVDV replicates in epithelial35 KB (5,111 words) - 07:17, 5 June 2015
- ...y other malignant tumour. Diagnosis is by surgical biopsy and histological examination.16 KB (2,578 words) - 15:55, 29 April 2022
- ...ot generally used to diagnose diabetes mellitus. On gross and histological examination of tissues from affected animals, the following changes may be observed: ...a and pyruia would be expected and bacteria may be observed on cytological examination of the sample.34 KB (5,058 words) - 10:20, 21 May 2016
- ...isk of clinical disease.<ref>Saville, W.J.A, Reed, S.M, Morley, P.S (1999) Examination of risk factors for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. ''Proceedings of t ...n insidious onset ataxia is most typical and with such cases, the clinical examination may reveal a bright, alert horse, perhaps with some focal muscle atrophy.<r66 KB (9,413 words) - 15:20, 6 July 2012
- ...is is based on the signalment, a thorough history and appropriate physical examination findings. Other causes of pruritus must also be ruled out. The differential ...ids. Withdrawal times of 2, 4 and 6 weeks have been suggested for topical, oral and long-acting injectable steroids respectively<sup>3</sup>, although this19 KB (2,778 words) - 17:26, 8 September 2015
- *other signs: abortion, oral ulceration, pulmonary haemorrhage, epistaxis ...gnosis requires virus identification, serological tests and/or post-mortem examination.31 KB (4,404 words) - 15:24, 6 July 2012
- ...s of urine''' will show that it has a low specific gravity and cytological examination may reveal the presence of urate crystals which resemble 'thorn apples' or *Administration of '''oral antibiotics''' to reduce the numbers of colonic bacteria. Neomycin, ampici26 KB (3,802 words) - 09:27, 21 June 2016
- ...ernal Medicine''' (Third Edition), Saunders, Chapter 15.</ref> Endoscopic examination requires preparatory starving of the patient for 6-8hours,<ref name="Orsini ...ositive results may arise from rectal trauma (e.g. recent biopsy or rectal examination) or protein losing enteropathy.<ref name="Nadeau">Nadeau, J.A, Andrews, F.M79 KB (11,779 words) - 15:59, 6 July 2012